Hydroclimatology of the continental United States
Hydroclimatology of the continental United States
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DOI：
10.1029/2002gl015937
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发表时间：
2003-04
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
A. Sankarasubramanian;R. Vogel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Sankarasubramanian;R. Vogel
利用美国1,337个流域的国家气候和径流数据库，研究了总体水量平衡和流域径流对气候变化的敏感性。我们记录了降水每变化1%会导致流域径流变化1.5%-2.5%，这取决于蓄水过程和其他因素的缓冲程度。与以前的研究不同，我们估计径流气候敏感性的方法是非参数的，不依赖于水文模型。结果表明，径流降雨弹性上限与径流比成反比。一个多世纪以来，研究人员[Pike，1964；Budyko，1974；Ol‘dekop，1911；Schreiber，1904]提出，仅分水岭干旱的变化就足以预测分水岭长期径流的空间变化。我们证明了土壤持水能力的变化与流域干旱的变化在解释年流域径流的平均值和方差方面同样重要。
The overall water balance and the sensitivity of watershed runoff to changes in climate are investigated using national databases of climate and streamflow for 1,337 watersheds in the U.S. We document that 1% changes in precipitation result in 1.5–2.5% changes in watershed runoff, depending upon the degree of buffering by storage processes and other factors. Unlike previous research, our approach to estimating climate sensitivity of streamflow is nonparametric and does not depend on a hydrologic model. The upper bound for precipitation elasticity of streamflow is shown to be the inverse of the runoff ratio. For over a century, investigators [ Pike, 1964 ; Budyko, 1974 ; Ol'dekop, 1911 ; and Schreiber, 1904 ] have suggested that variations in watershed aridity alone are sufficient to predict spatial variations in long‐term watershed runoff. We document that variations in soil moisture holding capacity are just as important as variations in watershed aridity in explaining the mean and variance of annual watershed runoff.