A century-scale, human-induced ecohydrological evolution of wetlands of two large river basins in Australia (Murray) and China (Yangtze)
A century-scale, human-induced ecohydrological evolution of wetlands of two large river basins in Australia (Murray) and China (Yangtze)
复制标题
澳大利亚（墨累）和中国（长江）两大河流域湿地百年尺度的人为诱发的生态水文演化
DOI：
10.5194/hess-20-2151-2016
复制
发表时间：
2016-01-01
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
Yang, Xiangdong
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kattel, Giri R.;Dong, Xuhui;Yang, Xiangdong
抽象的。最近，通过广泛的景观改造，世界上最大的两个流域--墨累河和长江--的食物和水资源供应发生了显著变化。可追溯到这些河流流域湿地数百年前的长期沉积档案显示，全流域的快速发展降低了生物群落的复原力，导致包括水质在内的生态系统服务大幅下降。20世纪中叶，由于河流治理，人类对河流系统的大规模干扰改变了河流和湿地的水文，导致水生生物群落的广泛改变。利用枝角类浮游动物(水蚤)的变化，对长江、墨累河三大湿地近百年来的历史水文生态状况进行了评价。从墨累王湖、张渡湖和梁子湖三个湿地的沉积物岩芯(94、45和65 cm)中提取的枝角类亚化石组合对20世纪中叶以后河流的水文变化表现出强烈的响应。特别是，修建堤坝和堰塞河引起的河道治理，以及河道改造，导致了重大的水文变化。这些水文干扰要么是(1)湿地被长期淹没，要么(2)河流流量减少，两者都导致湿地深度的变化。不可避免地，这些现象随后改变了自然湿地栖息地，导致枝角类群落转向更喜欢水质较差的物种，在某些情况下转向富营养化。湿地水状况的数量和质量的下降表明生态系统服务减少，需要对受到最近社会经济发展和气候变化影响的两个流域采取有效的恢复措施。
Abstract. Recently, the provision of food and water resources of two of the world's largest river basins, the Murray and the Yangtze, has been significantly altered through widespread landscape modification. Long-term sedimentary archives, dating back for some centuries from wetlands of these river basins, reveal that rapid, basin-wide development has reduced the resilience of biological communities, resulting in considerable decline in ecosystem services, including water quality. Large-scale human disturbance to river systems, due to river regulation during the mid-20th century, has transformed the hydrology of rivers and wetlands, causing widespread modification of aquatic biological communities. Changes to cladoceran zooplankton (water fleas) were used to assess the historical hydrology and ecology of three Murray and Yangtze river wetlands over the past century. Subfossil assemblages of cladocerans retrieved from sediment cores (94, 45, and 65 cm) of three wetlands: Kings Billabong (Murray), Zhangdu, and Liangzi lakes (Yangtze), showed strong responses to hydrological changes in the river after the mid-20th century. In particular, river regulation caused by construction of dams and weirs together with river channel modifications, has led to significant hydrological alterations. These hydrological disturbances were either (1) a prolonged inundation of wetlands or (2) reduced river flow, both of which caused variability in wetland depth. Inevitably, these phenomena have subsequently transformed the natural wetland habitats, leading to a switch in cladoceran assemblages to species preferring poor water quality, and in some cases to eutrophication. The quantitative and qualitative decline of wetland water conditions is indicative of reduced ecosystem services, and requires effective restoration measures for both river basins which have been impacted by recent socioeconomic development and climate change.