Genetic diversity of the cytoplasm in Triticum and Aegilops
Genetic diversity of the cytoplasm in Triticum and Aegilops
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小麦和山羊草细胞质的遗传多样性
DOI：
10.1007/bf00282405
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发表时间：
1975
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
K. Tsunewaki
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Y. Mukai;K. Tsunewaki
在京都大学遗传学研究室，通过反复回交，将12种普通小麦细胞核置于山羊草和普通小麦23种的细胞质中。利用这些核质杂种，研究了诱导变异的细胞色素的分布。这种杂色是母系遗传的，并且是温度依赖性的;它只在低温下表达，伴随着叶绿素a和B含量的显著降低，在25 °C的温室中恢复到几乎正常的水平。这种杂色现象只表现在小麦细胞核和外源细胞质的特殊组合上，即9种普通小麦细胞核Tve、P168、CS、N26、Slm、Sk、S615、Sphr和Splt，6种细胞质T. boeoticum，山羊草Ae. umbellulata，山蚂蝗Ae. triuncialis，三角山蚂蝗Ae. biuncialis，山蚂蝗Ae. coliaris和Ae. triaristata 6x，在几乎所有组合中都表现出弱到强的杂色。3个普通小麦核（JF、Comp和Macha）与其它17个细胞核的组合均无杂色，其中JF、Comp和Macha似乎具有一种抗杂色恢复基因。由于诱导花斑的细胞质基因仅分布在A和Cu型的胞质中，因此推测引起花斑的胞质基因起源于二倍体水平，并由Ae.伞形科Polyeides的三个四倍体和一个六倍体物种通过双二倍体化过程。
Twelve kinds of common wheat nuclei were placed into the cytoplasms of 23 species ofAegilopsandTriticumby repeated backcrosses in the Laboratory of Genetics, Kyoto University. Using these nucleus-cytoplasm hybrids, the distribution of the variegation-inducing cytoplasms was investigated. The variegation was maternally inherited, and was found to be temperature-dependent; it was expressed only at low temperatures, accompanied by a remarkable reduction in the content of chlorophyll a and b, and recovered to almost normal level in a greenhouse kept at 25 °C. The variegation was expressed only by special combinations of the wheat nuclei and alien cytoplasms; nine common wheat nuclei, Tve, P168, CS, N26, Slm, Sk, S615, Sphr, and Splt, and six cytoplasms,T. boeoticum, Ae. umbellulata, Ae. triuncialis, Ae. biuncialis, Ae. columaris, andAe. triaristata6x, expressed weak to strong variegation in almost all combinations. Combinations of three common wheat nuclei (JF , Comp and Macha) and 17 other cytoplasms showed no variegation: JF , Comp and Macha appeared to have a sort of restoring gene(s) against variegation. Since distribution of the variegation-inducing cytoplasms was confined to the A and Cutype plasmas, it was assumed that the plasmagene(s) responsible for the variegation originated in the diploid level and was transmitted fromAe. umbellulatato three tetraploid and one hexaploid species of Polyeides section through the process of amphidiploidization.