Pigmented macrophage aggregates: A toxic response in fish exposed to bleached-kraft mill effluent?
Pigmented macrophage aggregates: A toxic response in fish exposed to bleached-kraft mill effluent?
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色素巨噬细胞聚集体：暴露于漂白牛皮纸厂废水的鱼的毒性反应？
DOI：
10.1002/etc.5620151027
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发表时间：
1996
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
P. Hodson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
C. Couillard;P. Hodson
对漂白硫酸盐浆厂下游捕获的鱼类中的色素巨噬细胞聚集体(PMAs)密度以及癌前病变和肿瘤性病变的发生率是否增加而导致细胞色素P4501A酶(CyP1A)的诱导进行了流行病学研究。在加拿大魁北克省圣莫里斯河一家漂白硫酸盐纸浆厂下游10公里和95公里处采集的白色吸盘鱼(Catostomus Commercial Soni)显示，与上游10公里处的鱼相比，肝、脾和肾脏中PMA的密度随年龄的变化而更高。在加拿大魁北克省加蒂诺河的三个地点也采集了白色吸盘鱼的样本，这是一条上下游生态梯度相似但没有纸浆厂的参考河。在加蒂诺，PMA在肝脏最下游的部位密度较低，脾和肾脏的密度在不同部位没有差异。在这两条河的下游地点都有较高的增长率，因此不能解释仅在圣莫里斯河下游地点观察到的PMAS密度增加的原因。PMA的密度在性别之间或在有或不有肉眼可见的寄生虫或肉芽肿性组织病变的鱼之间没有差异。虽然我们不能排除未知的感染源的参与，但PMAS的密度似乎是漂白硫酸盐纸浆厂废水(BKME)毒性的有用标志。BKME的几个已知毒性作用可能有助于这种反应，包括与诱导的CyP1A相关的脂质过氧化速率增加和毒性溶血。还需要进一步的现场和实验室研究，以评估BKME暴露、CyP1A的诱导和PMA密度增加之间的关联是否一致。在圣莫里斯河纸浆厂下游捕获的鱼中没有观察到癌前病变，在污染最严重的地方只观察到一例胆道癌。
An epidemiological study was conducted to evaluate whether the density of pigmented macrophage aggregates (PMAs) and the prevalences of preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions increased in fish captured downstream from a bleached-kraft pulp mill, causing induction of cytochrome P4501A enzymes (CYP1A). White suckers (Catostomus commersoni) sampled 10 and 95 km downstream from a bleached-kraft pulp mill in the St. Maurice River, Quebec, Canada, exhibited higher densities of PMAs relative to age in liver, spleen, and kidney than fish sampled 10 km upstream. White suckers were also sampled at three sites in the Gatineau River, Quebec, Canada, a reference river with a similar upstream/downstream ecological gradient but no pulp mill. In the Gatineau, density of PMAs was lower in the liver of fish sampled at the most downstream site, and there was no difference among sites in spleen and kidney. Higher growth rates have been documented at downstream sites of both rivers and thus cannot explain the increased density of PMAs observed at downstream sites of the St. Maurice River only. Density of PMAs did not differ between sexes or between fish with or without grossly visible parasites or granulomatous histological lesions. Although we cannot exclude the involvement of unknown infectious agents, density of PMAs appears to be a useful marker of bleached-kraft mill effluent (BKME) toxicity. Several known toxic effects of BKME could contribute to this response, including increased rates of lipid peroxidation associated with induced CYP1A and toxic hemolysis. Further field and laboratory studies are needed to evaluate whether the association between BKME exposure, induction of CYP1A, and increased density of PMA is consistent. Preneoplastic lesions were not observed in fish captured downstream of the pulp mill in the St. Maurice River, and only one case of biliary carcinoma was observed, at the most contaminated site.