Heterotopic Ossification Has Some Nerve
Heterotopic Ossification Has Some Nerve
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DOI：
10.1615/critreveukargeneexpr.v20.i4.30
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发表时间：
2010-01-01
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
Olmsted-Davis, Elizabeth
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Salisbury, Elizabeth;Sonnet, Corinne;Olmsted-Davis, Elizabeth
异位骨化，定义为在异常解剖位置形成骨，根据新骨形成的部位和持续时间，可能在临床上不显著或具有破坏性和使人衰弱。异位骨化（HO）的病因很多，包括软组织损伤、中枢神经系统损伤、血管病变、关节病变和遗传。HO的最不了解的组成部分之一是周围神经系统与该过程的诱导的相互作用。最近的研究表明，创伤性损伤后，引发了一系列称为神经源性炎症的事件，其涉及神经肽如P物质和降钙素基因相关肽的释放。这些肽的释放最终导致激活的血小板、肥大细胞和中性粒细胞募集到损伤部位。这些细胞似乎与神经的重塑有关，并可能从骨髓中招募额外的细胞到损伤部位。此外，在损伤部位受到刺激的感觉神经元将局部信息传递给大脑，然后大脑可以将下丘脑中的神经内分泌信号重定向到损伤部位的修复。虽然许多研究已经强调了神经源性信号的重要作用，无论是中央和外周，在正常的骨骼骨重建的调节，（1）这篇评论的重点是在异位骨形成的局部，外周神经的作用。我们专注于骨形态发生蛋白（BMP）表达的局部变化的方式有助于周围神经，感觉和交感神经，在HO形成的直接区域内的级联事件。
Heterotopic ossification, defined as the formation of bone in abnormal anatomic locations, can be clinically insignificant or devastating and debilitating, depending on the site and duration of new bone formation. There are many causes of heterotopic ossification (HO), including soft tissue trauma, central nervous system injury, vasculopathies, arthropathies, and inheritance. One of the least understood components of HO is the interaction of the peripheral nervous system with the induction of this process. Recent work has shown that, upon traumatic injury, a cascade of events termed neurogenic inflammation is initiated, which involves the release of neuropeptides, such as substance P and calcitonin gene related peptide. Release of these peptides ultimately leads to the recruitment of activated platelets, mast cells, and neutrophils to the injury site. These cells appear to be involved with both remodeling of the nerve, as well as potentially recruiting additional cells from the bone marrow to the injury site. Further, sensory neurons stimulated at the injury site relay local information to the brain, which can then redirect neuroendocrine signaling in the hypothalamus towards repair of the injured site. While numerous studies have highlighted the important role of nerve-derived signals, both central and peripheral, in the regulation of normal bone remodeling of the skeleton,(1) this review focuses on the role of the local, peripheral nerves in the formation of heterotopic bone. We concentrate on the manner in which local changes in bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) expression contribute to a cascade of events within the peripheral nerves, both sensory and sympathetic, in the immediate area of HO formation.