Revival of Philozoon Geddes for host-specialized dinoflagellates, 'zooxanthellae', in animals from coastal temperate zones of northern and southern hemispheres
Revival of Philozoon Geddes for host-specialized dinoflagellates, 'zooxanthellae', in animals from coastal temperate zones of northern and southern hemispheres
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DOI：
10.1080/09670262.2021.1914863
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发表时间：
2021-06-28
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Suggett, David J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
LaJeunesse, Todd C.;Wiedenmann, Joerg;Suggett, David J.
甲藻科共生藻科包含许多属和种，在多样性、生态和地理分布方面存在很大差异。温带共生刺胞动物中常见的进化分歧谱系，在文献中被指定为几个非正式名称，包括“温带-A”、A(I)、系统发育型 A '（A-prime）和“地中海 A”，这里被指定为 Philozoon 属。该属由 Geddes (1882) 在最早的一篇论文中提出，该论文将“黄细胞”视为与其动物和原生生物宿主不同的独特生物实体。利用核 (rDNA)、叶绿体 (cp23S) 和线粒体基因（cob 和 cox1）的系统发育数据，以及形态（细胞大小）、生态特征（宿主亲和力）和地理分布，我们修正了 Philozoon Geddes 属及其两个物种 P. medusarum 和 P. actiniarum，并描述了六个新物种。每个共生物种都对海葵、软珊瑚、石珊瑚和根口水母等特定物种表现出高度的宿主保真度。 Philozoon 与共生藻（以前称为 A 进化枝）关系最为密切，但与热带共生藻不同，它的寄主生活在北半球和南半球的浅温带海洋栖息地，包括地中海、东北大西洋、澳大利亚东部、新西兰和智利。适应生活在高纬度栖息地的刺胞动物宿主的物种多样性谱系的存在，其固有的温度波动很大，这需要进一步关注共生科的生态和生物地理范围。亮点 使用自然历史学家黄金时代复兴的废弃分类学术语对与温带无脊椎动物共生的甲藻属进行了表征和命名。这项工作强调了动物-藻类互利共生是如何进化并在广泛的环境条件下茁壮成长的。
The dinoflagellate family Symbiodiniaceae comprises numerous genera and species with large differences in diversity, ecology and geographic distribution. An evolutionarily divergent lineage common in temperate symbiotic cnidarians and designated in the literature by several informal names including 'temperate-A', A(I), Phylotype A ' (A-prime) and 'Mediterranean A', is here assigned to the genus Philozoon. This genus was proposed by Geddes (1882) in one of the earliest papers that recognized 'yellow cells' as distinct biological entities separate from their animal and protist hosts. Using phylogenetic data from nuclear (rDNA), chloroplast (cp23S) and mitochondrial genes (cob and cox1), as well as morphology (cell size), ecological traits (host affinity) and geographic distributions, we emend the genus Philozoon Geddes and two of its species, P. medusarum and P. actiniarum, and describe six new species. Each symbiont species exhibits high host fidelity for particular species of sea anemone, soft coral, stony coral and a rhizostome jellyfish. Philozoon is most closely related to Symbiodinium (formerly Clade A), but, unlike its tropical counterpart, occurs in hosts in shallow temperate marine habitats in northern and southern hemispheres including the Mediterranean Sea, north-eastern Atlantic Ocean, eastern Australia, New Zealand and Chile. The existence of a species-diverse lineage adapted to cnidarian hosts living in high latitude habitats with inherently wide fluctuations in temperature calls further attention to the ecological and biogeographic reach of the Symbiodiniaceae. HIGHLIGHTS A dinoflagellate genus symbiotic with temperate invertebrates is characterized and named using a discarded taxonomic term revived from the golden age of Natural Historians. The work highlights how animal-algal mutualisms are evolved to thrive under a broad range of environmental conditions.