Innovative Firms or Innovative Owners? Determinants of Innovation in Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises
Innovative Firms or Innovative Owners? Determinants of Innovation in Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises
复制标题
创新型企业还是创新型业主？
DOI：
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发表时间：
2009
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
C. Woodruff
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Suresh de Mel;D. McKenzie;C. Woodruff
创新是技术采用和创造的关键，也是解释国家之间和国家内部生产力巨大差异的关键。尽管企业家在创新过程中发挥着核心作用，但数据的局限性限制了对创新决定因素的标准分析只能考虑企业特征的作用。作者开发了一个结合了所有者和公司特征的创新模型，并用它来确定产品、流程、营销和组织创新应如何随着公司规模和竞争而变化。然后，他们使用来自斯里兰卡的一项新的大型代表性调查来测试该模型，并检查所有者特征是否以及如何对创新产生影响。该调查还可以分析微型和小型企业的创新发生率，尽管这些企业占发展中国家企业的大多数，但这些企业传统上在创新研究中被忽视。分析发现，超过四分之一的小微企业正在进行创新，其中营销创新最为常见。正如模型预测的那样，企业规模对流程和组织创新的积极影响比对产品创新的影响更强，而竞争对流程和组织创新的消极影响更大。所有者能力、个性特征和种族对公司创新的可能性具有重大而实质性的影响，证实了企业家在创新过程中的重要性。
Innovation is key to technology adoption and creation, and to explaining the vast differences in productivity across and within countries. Despite the central role of the entrepreneur in the innovation process, data limitations have restricted standard analysis of the determinants of innovation to consideration of the role of firm characteristics. The authors develop a model of innovation that incorporates the role of both owner and firm characteristics, and use this to determine how product, process, marketing, and organizational innovations should vary with firm size and competition. They then use a new, large, representative survey from Sri Lanka to test this model and to examine whether and how owner characteristics matter for innovation. The survey also allows analysis of the incidence of innovation in micro and small firms, which have traditionally been overlooked in the study of innovation, despite these firms comprising the majority of firms in developing countries. The analysis finds that more than one-quarter of the microenterprises are engaging in innovation, with marketing innovations the most common. As predicted by the model, firm size has a stronger positive effect, and competition a stronger negative effect, on process and organizational innovations than on product innovations. Owner ability, personality traits, and ethnicity have a significant and substantial impact on the likelihood of a firm innovating, confirming the importance of the entrepreneur in the innovation process.