Rain‐induced turbulence and air‐sea gas transfer
Rain‐induced turbulence and air‐sea gas transfer
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DOI：
10.1029/2008jc005008
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发表时间：
2009-07
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
C. Zappa;D. T. Ho;W. McGillis;M. Banner;J. Dacey;L. Bliven;Barry B. Ma;J. Nystuen
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文献类型：
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作者：
C. Zappa;D. T. Ho;W. McGillis;M. Banner;J. Dacey;L. Bliven;Barry B. Ma;J. Nystuen
=4的范围内的降雨率与广泛的滴大小分布。水动力学测量阐明的机制，负责雨增强k的结果，使用SF6示踪剂逃避和主动控制通量技术。高分辨率k和湍流结果突出了降雨、湍流、层结和海气交换之间的因果关系。在一次气体交换实验中，首次测量了降雨期间海气界面下的e分布，得到了高达10 - 2 Wk g-1的离散值。分层改变和捕获表面附近的湍流，影响传输速度的增强，也减少了输送到空气-水界面的质量的垂直混合。虽然动能通量是降雨过程中系统湍流输入的一个不可分割的度量，但e是对随后湍流状态的所有修改和转换的最鲁棒响应。Craig-Banner湍流模型，修改为雨，而不是打破波湍流，成功地预测了近地表耗散轮廓在开始的降雨事件之前，分层起着主导作用。这一结果对于k的预测建模是重要的，因为它允许推断气体转移的基本e的表面值。
=4 for a range of rain rates with broad drop size distributions. The hydrodynamic measurements elucidate the mechanisms responsible for the rain-enhanced k results using SF6 tracer evasion and active controlled flux technique. High-resolution k and turbulence results highlight the causal relationship between rainfall, turbulence, stratification, and air-sea gas exchange. Profiles of e beneath the air-sea interface during rainfall, measured for the first time during a gas exchange experiment, yielded discrete values as high as 10 �2 Wk g �1 . Stratification modifies and traps the turbulence near the surface, affecting the enhancement of the transfer velocity and also diminishing the vertical mixing of mass transported to the air-water interface. Although the kinetic energy flux is an integral measure of the turbulent input to the system during rain events, e is the most robust response to all the modifications and transformations to the turbulent state that follows. The Craig-Banner turbulence model, modified for rain instead of breaking wave turbulence, successfully predicts the near-surface dissipation profile at the onset of the rain event before stratification plays a dominant role. This result is important for predictive modeling of k as it allows inferring the surface value of e fundamental to gas transfer.