ENERGY-EXPENDITURE IN REPRODUCTIVE EFFORT OF MALE AND FEMALE KILLDEER (CHARADRIUS-VOCIFERUS)
ENERGY-EXPENDITURE IN REPRODUCTIVE EFFORT OF MALE AND FEMALE KILLDEER (CHARADRIUS-VOCIFERUS)
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DOI：
10.1093/auk/105.3.553
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发表时间：
1988-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
BRUNTON, DH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
BRUNTON, DH
繁殖季节的性别生殖投资策略详细的杀鹿（Charadrius vociferus），一夫一妻制的普洛弗。我测量了两性在生殖、交配和父母努力方面的能量投资。正如预测的那样，男性花费更多的交配努力比女性，然而，两性花费等量的父母的努力。总能量消耗在生殖努力（交配和父母的努力）在一个成功的筑巢尝试也是平等的性别。然而，早期的父母的努力支出的女性，早期交配的努力支出的男性，和高利率的巢失败联合收割机相结合，导致女性生殖能量支出显着高于繁殖季节。这表明，仅凭能量消耗不足以准确比较两性的相对投资。调查雄性和雌性投资的研究需要考虑巢失败的程度和模式沿着能量消耗的模式。使用成人去除实验的优势，男性和女性Killdeer分享父母的照顾。一般来说，被遗弃的父母比双亲父母花费更多的精力，繁殖成功率显着降低。然而，雄性能够孵化小鸡，而雌性在交配后几天内就会失去或放弃它们的巢穴。因此，一夫一妻制的猎鹿似乎是由于高巢失败率，两个父母的任何繁殖成功的必要性，和一般性质的猎鹿父母的照顾。
The reproductive investment strategies of the sexes during the breeding season are detailed for Killdeer (Charadrius vociferus), a monogamous plover. I measured the energy investments of the sexes in reproductive, mating, and parental effort. As predicted, males expend more mating effort than females; however, the sexes expend equal amounts of parental effort. Total energy expenditure in reproductive effort (mating and parental effort) during a successful nesting attempt was also equal for the sexes. However, early parental effort expenditures by females, early mating effort expenditures by males, and high rates of nest failure combine to result in female reproductive energy expenditures being significantly higher over the breeding season. This suggests that energy expenditure alone is not adequate for accurate comparisons of the relative investments of the sexes. Studies investigating male and female investments need to consider the degree and pattern of nest failures along with patterns of energy expenditure. The advantages to male and female Killdeer of sharing parental care is demonstrated using adult removal experiments. In general, a deserted parent expends more energy in parental effort than a bi-parental parent and has significantly lower reproductive success. However, males are able to hatch chicks, whereas females lose or abandon their nests within a few days of mate removal. Thus, monogamy in Killdeer appears to result from high nest failure rates, the necessity of two parents for any reproductive success, and the generalizable nature of Killdeer parental care.