Global Mycotoxin Occurrence in Feed: A Ten-Year Survey
Global Mycotoxin Occurrence in Feed: A Ten-Year Survey
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DOI：
10.3390/toxins11070375
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发表时间：
2019-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Schatzmayr, Gerd
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gruber-Dorninger, Christiane;Jenkins, Timothy;Schatzmayr, Gerd
污染动物饲料的霉菌毒素可对动物产生毒性作用并转移到动物产品中。因此，应监测饲料中霉菌毒素的发生。为此，我们对饲料中霉菌毒素污染进行了大规模的全球调查，并评估了霉菌毒素发生的地区差异和逐年变化。在74,821份饲料和饲料原料样品中分析了黄曲霉毒素B1、玉米赤霉烯酮、伏马菌素、赭曲霉毒素A、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇和T-2毒素的浓度。例如，在一个实施例中，玉米，小麦，大豆）从2008年到2017年收集了100个国家。总的来说，88%的样本被至少一种真菌毒素污染。真菌毒素的发生表现出明显的区域趋势，气候是控制这些趋势的关键决定因素。在大多数地区，大多数样品符合欧盟现行动物饲料中霉菌毒素的最高水平和指导值。然而，来自南亚、撒哈拉以南非洲和东南亚的样品中，分别有41.1%、38.5%和20.9%的样品超过了黄曲霉毒素B1的最高水平（20微克/千克）。在几个地区，玉米中的霉菌毒素浓度显示出明显的逐年变化，这可以用谷物发育敏感期的降雨或温度来解释。大部分样品（64%）被>= 2种真菌毒素共污染。最常见的真菌毒素混合物是脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇、玉米赤霉烯酮和伏马菌素以及伏马菌素和黄曲霉毒素B-1的组合。玉米和小麦中脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇和玉米赤霉烯酮的浓度相关。总之，根据一项广泛的全球调查，动物饲料的霉菌毒素（共）污染很常见，显示出区域趋势，部分受气候和天气的影响。
Mycotoxins contaminating animal feed can exert toxic effects in animals and be transferred into animal products. Therefore, mycotoxin occurrence in feed should be monitored. To this end, we performed a large-scale global survey of mycotoxin contamination in feed and assessed regional differences and year-to-year variation of mycotoxin occurrence. Concentrations of aflatoxin B1, zearalenone, fumonisins, ochratoxin A, deoxynivalenol, and T-2 toxin were analyzed in 74,821 samples of feed and feed raw materials (e. g., maize, wheat, soybean) collected from 100 countries from 2008 to 2017. In total, 88% of the samples were contaminated with at least one mycotoxin. Mycotoxin occurrence showed distinct regional trends and climate was a key determinant governing these trends. In most regions, the majority of samples complied with maximum levels and guidance values for mycotoxins in animal feed that are in effect in the European Union. However, 41.1%, 38.5%, and 20.9% of samples from South Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Southeast Asia, respectively, exceeded the maximum level for aflatoxin B1 (20 mu g/kg). In several regions, mycotoxin concentrations in maize showed a pronounced year-to-year variation that could be explained by rainfall or temperature during sensitive periods of grain development. A large fraction of samples (64%) was co-contaminated with >= 2 mycotoxins. Most frequently observed mycotoxin mixtures were combinations of deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, and fumonisins, as well as fumonisins and aflatoxin B-1. Deoxynivalenol and zearalenone concentrations were correlated in maize and wheat. In conclusion, according to an extensive global survey, mycotoxin (co-) contamination of animal feed is common, shows regional trends, and is governed in part by climate and weather.