Specificity of genetic and environmental risk factors for use and abuse/dependence of cannabis, cocaine, hallucinogens, sedatives, stimulants, and opiates in male twins
Specificity of genetic and environmental risk factors for use and abuse/dependence of cannabis, cocaine, hallucinogens, sedatives, stimulants, and opiates in male twins
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DOI：
10.1176/appi.ajp.160.4.687
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发表时间：
2003-04-01
影响因子：
17.7
通讯作者：
Neale, MC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kendler, KS;Jacobson, KC;Neale, MC
目的：利用男性双胞胎对使用和滥用六类非法物质的数据，来检验物质使用障碍的遗传和共享环境风险因素在其影响上是物质特异性的还是非特异性的。
方法：通过弗吉尼亚双胞胎登记处确定的1196对男性双胞胎的双方成员进行个人访谈，评估大麻、可卡因、致幻剂、镇静剂、兴奋剂和阿片类药物的使用及滥用/依赖的终身病史。使用Mx程序对物质非特异性（共同）和物质特异性的遗传、共享环境以及独特环境风险因素进行多变量双胞胎模型分析。
结果：在使用以及滥用/依赖方面，都观察到不同物质类别之间存在高度的共病情况。发现一个共同的遗传因素对所有六类物质的非法使用和滥用/依赖风险有强烈影响。在使用方面观察到物质特异性遗传因素有适度影响，但在滥用/依赖方面则没有。共享环境因素对使用的影响比对滥用/依赖的影响更重要，并且完全通过一个单一的共同因素起作用。
结论：在一个基于成年男性双胞胎人群的样本中，遗传和共享环境对六类非法物质使用和滥用风险的影响在很大程度上或完全是非特异性的。个人特有的环境经历在很大程度上决定了有易感性的个体是使用还是滥用某一类精神活性物质，而不是另一类。
Objective: Data on use and misuse of six classes of illicit substances by male twin pairs were used to examine whether genetic and shared environmental risk factors for substance use disorders are substance-specific or -nonspecific in their effect.Method: Lifetime history of use and abuse/dependence of cannabis, cocaine, hallucinogens, sedatives, stimulants, and opiates was assessed at personal interview in both members of 1,196 male-male twin pairs ascertained by the Virginia Twin Registry. Multivariate twin modeling of substance-nonspecific (common) and substance-specific genetic, shared environmental, and unique environmental risk factors was performed by using the program Mx.Results: High levels of comorbidity involving the different substance categories were observed for both use and abuse/ dependence. One common genetic factor was found to have a strong influence on risk for illicit use and abuse/dependence for all six substance classes. A modest influence of substance-specific genetic factors was seen for use but not for abuse/ dependence. Shared environmental factors were more important for use than for abuse/dependence and were mediated entirely through a single common factor.Conclusions: In an adult population-based sample of male twins, both the genetic and the shared environmental effects on risk for the use and misuse of six classes of illicit substances were largely or entirely nonspecific in their effect. Environmental experiences unique to the person largely determine whether predisposed individuals will use or misuse one class of psychoactive substances rather than another.