A framework for modelling soil structure dynamics induced by biological activity.
A framework for modelling soil structure dynamics induced by biological activity.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1111/gcb.15289
复制
发表时间：
2020-10
影响因子：
11.6
通讯作者：
Jarvis N
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Meurer K;Barron J;Chenu C;Coucheney E;Fielding M;Hallett P;Herrmann AM;Keller T;Koestel J;Larsbo M;Lewan E;Or D;Parsons D;Parvin N;Taylor A;Vereecken H;Jarvis N
土壤退化是一种日益恶化的全球现象，其原因包括社会经济压力、不良的土地管理做法和气候变化。大多数形式的土壤退化都涉及土壤结构的退化，其时间跨度从几秒钟到几个世纪不等，包括养分和有机物的消耗、侵蚀和压实。新的土壤-作物模型可以解释十年到百年时间尺度的土壤结构动态，这将有助于深入了解各种潜在物理因素的相对重要性。（例如耕作、交通压实、膨胀/收缩和冻/融）和生物（如植物根系生长、土壤微生物和动物活动）机制及其对土壤水文过程和植物生长的影响，以及土壤退化和恢复的相关时间尺度。然而，这样一个模型的发展仍然是一个挑战，由于在土壤-植物系统的相互作用的巨大复杂性。本文着重讨论了生物过程对土壤结构动态的影响，特别是植物根系的生长和土壤动物、微生物的活动。我们首先定义我们的意思是土壤结构，然后审查目前的理解，这些生物制剂如何影响土壤结构。然后，我们开发了一个新的框架来模拟土壤结构动态，其目的是与土壤作物模型，在土壤剖面尺度和长时间尺度（即几十年，几个世纪）操作兼容。我们说明了建模的概念与案例研究的作用，根的生长和生物扰动的严重压实土壤的结构恢复。这张描绘蚂蚁生物扰动的照片是在瑞士苏黎世的Agroscope进行的压实恢复实验中拍摄的。与其他生物过程一起，动物群生物扰动深刻地影响土壤结构，从而影响土壤的物理和水力特性、水文过程和植物生长。本文中开发的简约模型概念旨在与剖面尺度土壤-作物模型兼容，允许模拟生物因子（例如植物根系和土壤生物体）对土壤结构动态的影响。
Soil degradation is a worsening global phenomenon driven by socio‐economic pressures, poor land management practices and climate change. A deterioration of soil structure at timescales ranging from seconds to centuries is implicated in most forms of soil degradation including the depletion of nutrients and organic matter, erosion and compaction. New soil–crop models that could account for soil structure dynamics at decadal to centennial timescales would provide insights into the relative importance of the various underlying physical (e.g. tillage, traffic compaction, swell/shrink and freeze/thaw) and biological (e.g. plant root growth, soil microbial and faunal activity) mechanisms, their impacts on soil hydrological processes and plant growth, as well as the relevant timescales of soil degradation and recovery. However, the development of such a model remains a challenge due to the enormous complexity of the interactions in the soil–plant system. In this paper, we focus on the impacts of biological processes on soil structure dynamics, especially the growth of plant roots and the activity of soil fauna and microorganisms. We first define what we mean by soil structure and then review current understanding of how these biological agents impact soil structure. We then develop a new framework for modelling soil structure dynamics, which is designed to be compatible with soil–crop models that operate at the soil profile scale and for long temporal scales (i.e. decades, centuries). We illustrate the modelling concept with a case study on the role of root growth and earthworm bioturbation in restoring the structure of a severely compacted soil. This photograph, depicting ant bioturbation, was taken at the compaction recovery experiment at Agroscope, Zurich, Switzerland. Together with other biological processes, faunal bioturbation profoundly influences soil structure and thus soil physical and hydraulic properties, hydrological processes and plant growth. The parsimonious model concept developed in this paper, which is designed to be compatible with profile‐scale soil–crop models, allows simulation of the effects of biological agents (e.g. plant roots and soil‐living organisms) on soil structure dynamics.
登录
查看更多内容
影响因子：
9.7
作者：
Blanchart, E;Lavelle, P;Valentin, C
通讯作者：
Valentin, C
影响因子：
4.9
作者：
Bearden, BN
通讯作者：
Bearden, BN
影响因子：
6.5
作者：
Barnett, Christina M.;Bengough, Anthony G.;McKenzie, Blair M.
通讯作者：
McKenzie, Blair M.
影响因子：
6.1
作者：
BLANCHART, E;BRUAND, A;LAVELLE, P
通讯作者：
LAVELLE, P
影响因子：
4
作者：
Angers, DA;Caron, J
通讯作者：
Caron, J