Occurrence and fate of steroid estrogens in the largest wastewater treatment plant in Beijing, China
Occurrence and fate of steroid estrogens in the largest wastewater treatment plant in Beijing, China
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DOI：
10.1007/s10661-011-2459-y
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发表时间：
2012-11
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Yiqi Zhou;Jinmiao Zha;Zijian Wang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yiqi Zhou;Jinmiao Zha;Zijian Wang
近年来，由于对健康的不良影响，对类固醇雌激素的关注迅速增加。污水处理厂排放的污水是环境水体的主要污染源。为了了解污水处理厂中甾体雌激素的污染水平和归宿，对北京高碑店污水处理厂中雌酮（E1）、17-β-雌二醇（E2）、雌三醇（E3）和17-β-乙炔基雌二醇（EE 2）的含量进行了调查。在2006年至2007年期间，每月从第二沉淀池和深度处理工艺的流入和流出物中采集水样。在进水中，雌激素E1、E2、E3和EE 2的浓度分别为11.6 ~ 1.1 × 102 ng/l、3.7 ~ 1.4 × 102 ng/l、7.6× 102 ng/l和3.3 × 102 ng/l。与文献值相比，污水处理厂进水中较高的类固醇雌激素浓度可能是由于较高的人口密度，较高的出生率，较少的稀释，和不同的采样时间。结果表明，城市污水处理厂的活性污泥系统结合厌氧，缺氧，好氧工艺可以有效地消除天然和合成雌激素。E1、E2、E3和EE 2的平均消除效率分别为83.2%、96.4%、98.8%和93.0%。天然雌激素和合成雌激素EE 2的主要去除机制是生物降解和吸附的基础上，在水中，悬浮颗粒，和污泥的质量平衡。然而，在污水处理厂流出物中，E1、E2、E3和EE 2的最高浓度分别为74.2、3.9、5.1和4.6 ng/l。这是由于污水处理厂流出物中残留的类固醇雌激素可能导致受纳水体的污染。先进的絮凝处理应用于污水处理厂和转化的残留雌激素共轭物的自由物种，这是进一步减少过滤与去除从32%转移到57%的天然雌激素，虽然没有EE 2被删除。
Concern over steroid estrogens has increased rapidly in recent years due to their adverse health effects. Effluent discharge from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is the main pollutant source for environmental water. To understand the pollutant level and fate of steroid estrogens in WWTPs, the occurrence of estrone (E1), 17-β-estradiol (E2), estriol (E3), and 17-β-ethinylestradiol (EE2) was investigated in the Gaobeidian WWTP in Beijing, China. Water samples from influent as well as effluent from second sedimentation tanks and advanced treatment processes were taken monthly during 2006 to 2007. In influent, steroid estrogen concentrations varied from 11.6 to 1.1 × 102ng/l, 3.7 to 1.4 × 102ng/l, no detection (nd) to 7.6×102ng/l and nd to 3.3 × 102ng/l for E1, E2, E3, and EE2, respectively. Compared with documented values, the higher steroid estrogen concentrations in the WWTP influent may be due to higher population density, higher birthrate, less dilution, and different sampling time. Results revealed that a municipal WWTP with an activated sludge system incorporating anaerobic, anoxic, and aerobic processes could eliminate natural and synthetic estrogens effectively. The mean elimination efficiencies were 83.2%, 96.4%, 98.8%, and 93.0% for E1, E2, E3, and EE2, respectively. The major removal mechanism for natural estrogens and synthetic estrogen EE2 were biodegradation and sorption on the basis of mass balance in water, suspension particles, and sludge. In the WWTP effluent, however, the highest concentrations of E1, E2, E3, and EE2 attained were 74.2, 3.9, 5.1, and 4.6 ng/l, respectively. This is concerning as residual steroid estrogens in WWTP effluent could lead to pollution of the receiving water. Advanced flocculation treatment was applied in the WWTP and transformed the residual estrogen conjugates to free species, which were reduced further by filtration with removal shifting from 32% to 57% for natural estrogen, although no EE2 was removed.