Yield physiology of rice
Yield physiology of rice
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DOI：
10.1080/15226510701374831
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发表时间：
2007-01-01
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Fageria, N. K.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fageria, N. K.
水稻（Oryza sativa L.）是世界50%以上人口的主食，包括人口密度高和增长迅速的地区。水稻在高地和低地生态系统下生产，全球约76%的水稻产自灌溉的低地水稻系统。本文旨在探讨水稻生育周期中产量构成因素的形成和生长规律。水稻的产量构成因素是单位面积粒数、每穗颖花数、颖花重和颖花不育或结实。此外，地上部干重、籽粒收获指数和氮收获指数也与籽粒产量呈正相关。这些产量构成因素和产量相关参数是在作物生长周期中形成的。水稻的生长周期分为三个阶段。这些阶段被指定为营养、生殖和小穗充实或成熟。水稻的产量潜力是在这些生育阶段形成或确定的。植株高度、分蘖（与穗数相关）、根系生长、叶面积和形态是营养生长阶段的主要特征。在生殖生长阶段，发生颗粒发育。孕穗和开花是生殖生长阶段的一部分。颗粒大小或每穗小穗数在生殖生长阶段确定。小穗的大小或重量在小穗灌浆生长阶段确定。生殖生长期对生物和非生物胁迫最为敏感，其次是小穗灌浆期和营养生长期。水稻分子连锁图谱的最新进展和分子生物学的其他发展为改善水稻产量构成因素以获得更高产量提供了新的机会。
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a staple food for more than 50% of the world's population, including regions of high population density and rapid growth. Rice is produced under both upland and lowland ecosystems with about 76% of the global rice produced from irrigated lowland rice systems. The objective of this article is to discuss growth and formation of yield components in rice during crop growth cycles. The yield components of rice are the number of particles per unit area, number of spikelets per panicle, weight of spikelet and spikelet sterility or filled spikelet. In addition, shoot dry weight, grain harvest index, and nitrogen (N) harvest index are also positively associated with grain yield. These yield components and yield associated parameters are formed during crop growth cycle. Growth cycle of the rice plant is divided into three stages. These stages are designated as vegetative, reproductive and spikelet filling or ripening. Yield potential of rice is formed or defined during these growth stages. Plant height, tillering (associated with panicle number), root growth, leaf area, and morphology are the main features of vegetative growth stage. In the reproductive growth stage particle development takes place. Booting and flowering are part of the reproductive growth stage. Particle size or spikelets per panicle are determined in the reproductive growth stage. Spikelet size or weight is determined during the spikelet filling growth stage. The reproductive growth stage is the most sensitive to biotic and abiotic stresses, followed by spikelet filling and vegetative growth stage. Recent advances in molecular linkage maps of rice and other developments of molecular biology offer new opportunities for improving rice yield components in favor of higher yield.