Comparison of the microbial communities of alpacas and sheep fed diets with three different ratios of corn stalk to concentrate
Comparison of the microbial communities of alpacas and sheep fed diets with three different ratios of corn stalk to concentrate
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DOI：
10.1111/jpn.13442
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发表时间：
2020-10-07
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Ren, Youshe
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chao, Ruimin;Xia, Chengqiang;Ren, Youshe
本研究旨在研究3：7(LS)、5：5(MS)和7：3(HS)三种不同粗精料比例的日粮对羊驼(Lama Pacos)和绵羊(Ovis Aries)瘤胃微生物群落的影响。本试验采用6只1岁羊驼(体重29.5±7.1 kg)和6只绵羊(1岁体重27.9±2.7 kg)进行3×3拉丁方重复试验。在显微镜下测定原虫总数；用定量聚合酶链式反应检测真菌和产甲烷菌总数，以占细菌总16S rRNA基因拷贝的百分比表示；通过靶向16S rRNA基因(V3-V4区)测序来调查细菌群落。在LS饲料下，羊驼的真菌百分率显著高于绵羊，而在HS、MS和LS饲料下，羊驼的原生动物浓度显著低于绵羊。在LS饲料条件下，羊驼的细菌群落多样性指数(Shannon、Chao-L和ACE值)高于绵羊。在羊驼和绵羊的前胃中共观察到22门299属，其中拟杆菌属和拟杆菌属为优势种。阿尔马提莫纳德门、梭杆菌和属仅在羊驼中发现，而酸杆菌和硝酸螺旋菌以及44属仅在绵羊中发现。在所有三种饲料中，羊驼的纤维分解菌丰度均高于绵羊。前胃微生物群落的这些差异部分解释了为什么羊驼表现出较高的劣质粗饲料消化率和较低的甲烷产量。结果还表明，高精料饲料(70%)对羊驼的不良影响比对绵羊的影响要小。
The objective of this study was to investigate the characteristics of ruminal microbial communities of alpacas (Lama pacos) and sheep (Ovis aries) fed three diets with varying ratios of roughage (corn stalk) to concentrate, 3:7 (LS), 5:5 (MS) and 7:3 (HS). Six alpacas (one-year-old and weighing 29.5 +/- 7.1 kg) and six sheep (one-year-old and weighing 27.9 +/- 2.7 kg) were used in this study, in a replicated 3 x 3 Latin square experiment. Total protozoa concentration was determined under the microscope; total fungi and methanogens were assessed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and expressed as a percentage of total bacterial 16S rRNA gene copies; bacterial communities were investigated by targeted 16S rRNA gene (V3-V4 region) sequencing. The percentage of fungi was significantly higher in alpacas than in sheep under the LS diet, while the concentration of protozoa was significantly lower in alpacas under HS, MS and LS diets. The alpha diversity including Shannon, Chao l and ACE indices of bacterial communities was higher in alpacas than in sheep, under the LS diet. A total of 299 genera belonging to 22 phyla were observed in the forestomach of alpaca and sheep, with Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes dominating both animal species. Phyla Armatimonadetes and Fusobacteria, as well as 64 genera, were detected only in alpacas, whereas phyla Acidobacteria and Nitrospira, as well as 44 genera, were found only in sheep. The abundance of cellulolytic bacteria, includingButyrivibrioandPseudobutyrivibrio, was higher in alpacas than in sheep under all three diets. These differences in the forestomach microbial communities partly explained why alpacas displayed a higher poor-quality roughage digestibility, and a lower methane production. Results also revealed that the adverse effects of high-concentrate diets (70%) were lesser in alpacas than in sheep.