MALE-DRIVEN MOLECULAR EVOLUTION - A MODEL AND NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE ANALYSIS
MALE-DRIVEN MOLECULAR EVOLUTION - A MODEL AND NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE ANALYSIS
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DOI：
10.1101/sqb.1987.052.01.094
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发表时间：
1987-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
YASUNAGA, T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
MIYATA, T;HAYASHIDA, H;YASUNAGA, T
已知突变率和针对突变变异的功能约束是决定分子进化速率的主要因素（Wilson et al. 1977; Kimura 1983）。尽管人们在功能限制的基础上对基因和蛋白质的进化特性进行了大量的研究（Wilson et al. 1977; Kimura 1983），但对突变因子知之甚少。了解突变的来源对于全面理解分子进化的机制至关重要。在产生突变的几种已知机制中（沃森等，1987），DNA复制和修复可能是促成分子进化的突变的主要来源（Wilson等，1977; Britten 1986）。病毒编码基因的快速进化（Palese和Young 1982; Hayashida等1985）和哺乳动物线粒体基因（Brown et al.1982; Miyata et al.1982）与细胞基因的比较，可能支持这一观点。一般认为，精细胞的细胞分裂次数与卵细胞的细胞分裂次数有很大差异（Alberts等，1983; Winter等，1983）。与复制错误相结合，该因素显示常染色体和性染色体之间突变频率的显著差异，这与在基因的高度分化部分中观察到的进化速率模式一致（Miyata et al. 1987）。我们在下面描述了这个因素对突变频率和进化速率的重要影响，我们认为雄性至少在哺乳动物的进化中是突变发生器。
Mutation rates and functional constraints against mutational variations are known to be the major factors that determine the rate of molecular evolution (Wilson et al. 1977; Kimura 1983). Although much effort has been made to understand the evolutionary properties of genes and proteins on the basis of functional constraints (Wilson et al. 1977; Kimura 1983), little is known about the mutational factor. Knowing the source of mutations might be essential for a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms underlying molecular evolution. Among several known mechanisms by which mutations are generated (Watson et al. 1987), DNA replication and repair are probably the major source of mutations that contribute to molecular evolution (Wilson et al. 1977; Britten 1986). Rapid rates of evolution of virus-coded genes (Palese and Young 1982; Hayashida et al. 1985) and mammalian mitochondrial genes (Brown et al. 1982; Miyata et al. 1982), as compared with those of cellular genes, may support this idea.It is generally thought that the number of cell divisions in sperm cells differs greatly from that in eggs (Alberts et al. 1983; Winter et al. 1983). Coupled with replication errors, this factor was shown to generate a marked difference between autosomes and sex chromosomes in mutation frequency, which is consistent with the observed pattern of evolutionary rate in highly divergent portions of genes (Miyata et al. 1987). We describe below the important influence this factor has had on mutation frequencies and evolutionary rates, and we suggest that males serve as mutation generators, at least in mammalian evolution.