The Aerodynamics of Flapping Animal Flight
The Aerodynamics of Flapping Animal Flight
复制标题
扑动动物飞行的空气动力学
DOI：
10.1093/icb/24.1.95
复制
发表时间：
1984
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
C. Ellington
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
C. Ellington
我们对扑翼动物飞行的空气动力学的理解很大程度上是基于准稳态假设：扑翼上的瞬时气动力被假设为与翅膀在相同的瞬时速度和攻角下稳定运动时所经历的力相同。十年前的研究表明，这一假设足以解释绝大多数动物的飞行，但并不排除其他空气动力学机制被采用的可能性。这里给出了四种悬停动物的结果，其中准稳态解释是失败的。这些动物显然使用升力机制，这种机制依赖于翅膀在拍击两端旋转运动时产生的涡流。假设的旋转升力机制也适用于其他悬停动物，尽管准稳定假设可以解释它们的飞行。对蝗虫产生的机翼力的测量也对准稳定假设的有效性提出了质疑。
Our understanding of the aerodynamics of flapping animal flight is largely based on the quasi-steady assumption: the instantaneous aerodynamic forces on a flapping wing are assumed to be identical with those which the wing would experience in steady motion at the same instantaneous speed and angle of attack. Research up to a decade ago showed that the assumption was sufficient to explain the flight of the vast majority of animals, but did not rule out the possibility that alternative aerodynamic mechanisms were employed instead. Results are presented here for four hovering animals for which the quasi-steady explanation fails. These animals apparently use lift mechanisms that rely on vortices shed during the rotational motion of the wing at either end of the wingbeat. The postulated rotational lift mechanisms should also apply to other hovering animals, even though the quasi-steady assumption could explain their flight. Measurements of the wing forces produced by locusts cast doubt on the validity of the quasi-steady assumption for fast forward flight as well.