The role of trophic bottlenecks in stunting: A field test of an allocation model of growth and reproduction in yellow perch, Perca flavescens
The role of trophic bottlenecks in stunting: A field test of an allocation model of growth and reproduction in yellow perch, Perca flavescens
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DOI：
10.1007/bf00000627
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发表时间：
1996-01-01
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
Roff, DA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Heath, DD;Roff, DA
淡水鱼种群的发育迟缓可能是由于其饮食中一种或多种猎物成分的可用性较低。如果限制猎物构成一个营养级（即浮游动物、底栖动物或鱼类），我们将这种现象定义为营养瓶颈。利用一种分配模型模拟了黄鲈（Perca flavescens）非发育不良种群的生长，该模型基于已报道的个体发生饮食转变（浮游到底栖到鱼栖）。然后，通过分别限制三种饲喂类型的可用日粮来扰动模型。所得到的模拟生长曲线都比未扰动状态下的生长速率低，并且在有限的食物类型之间曲线的形状有所不同。只有减少的底栖动物比例才产生了与魁北克Lac Hertel的发育不良的黄鲈相匹配的模拟生长。为了验证底栖生物定量限制赫特尔湖生长的假设，对湖中所有鱼类进行了日粮组成和年龄总长度的采样。根据分配模型的结果，我们预测以底栖无脊椎动物为食的物种应该表现出发育迟缓的缓慢生长特征。在赫特尔湖发现的7种鱼类中，有4种发育不良：黄鲈鱼、南花籽鱼、赤臂猿、鲈鱼、Ambloplites rupestris和褐头鱼、Ictalurus nebulosus。未发育不良的有3种：北梭子鱼、金梭子鱼、crysoleucnotemigonus和白梭子鱼、Catostomus commersoni。所有发育不良的种类都以底栖无脊椎动物为食，所有非发育不良的种类，除了白吸盘，都不以底栖动物为食。从而支持了分配模型的预测。
Stunting in freshwater fish populations may be due to low availability of one or more prey components within their diet. If the limiting prey constitute a trophic level (i.e. zooplankton, benthos, or fish), we define the phenomenon as a trophic bottleneck. Growth of a non-stunted population of yellow perch, Perca flavescens, was simulated using an allocation model based on reported ontogenetic shifts in diet (planktivory to benthivory to piscivory). The model was then perturbed by limiting the available ration individually for each of the three feeding types. The resulting simulated growth curves all reflected lower growth rates than the unperturbed state and the shape of the curve differed between the limited food types. Only the reduced benthic ration produced a simulated growth that matched that observed for the stunted yellow perch of Lac Hertel (Quebec). To test the hypothesis that benthic ration was limiting growth in Lac Hertel, all the fish species in the lake were sampled for diet composition and total length at age. We predicted that species feeding upon benthic invertebrates should exhibit the slow growth characteristic of stunting (based on the results of the allocation model). Of the seven fish species found in Lac Hertel, four were stunted: yellow perch, pumpkinseed, Lepomis gibbosus, rock bass, Ambloplites rupestris, and brown bullhead, Ictalurus nebulosus. Three species were non-stunted: northern pike, Esox lucius, golden shiner, Notemigonus crysoleucas, and white sucker, Catostomus commersoni. All stunted species fed on benthic invertebrates and all non-stunted species, except the white sucker, did not feed upon benthos. The prediction of the allocation model was thus supported.