The potential impact of compositional changes in farmed fish on its health-giving properties: is it time to reconsider current dietary recommendations?
The potential impact of compositional changes in farmed fish on its health-giving properties: is it time to reconsider current dietary recommendations?
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DOI：
10.1017/s1368980017000696
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发表时间：
2017-08-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Brouwer, Ingeborg A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
de Roos, Baukje;Sneddon, Alan A.;Brouwer, Ingeborg A.
对一些欧洲国家的国家膳食指南的评估显示，一些指南基于队列研究，重点放在海产品总消费量上，而其他指南则基于EPA和DHA的含量，区分油性鱼类和其他鱼类。大多数国家的鱼的平均实际摄入量约为或低于建议摄入量，鱼的摄入量在性别和年龄组之间存在差异。许多人没有达到国家建议的鱼的总摄入量。鱼和EPA/DHA的饮食建议主要基于10多年前收集的数据。然而，从那时起，养殖鱼类的生产方法发生了很大的变化。养殖三文鱼中EPA和DHA的实际含量几乎减半，因为三文鱼饲料中传统的有限海洋成分、鱼粉和鱼油已被陆地来源的可持续替代品取代。由于养殖三文鱼是许多西方国家EPA和DHA的重要来源，我们对这些脂肪酸的摄入量可能已经减少。此外，在过去十年中，养殖鱼中的维生素D和硒水平也被发现有所下降。养殖鱼类的EPA和DHA、维生素D和Se含量的显著变化意味着西方人口对这些营养物质的平均摄入量可能比以前低。这可能会对鱼的有益健康特性以及未来对鱼摄入量的饮食建议产生影响。
Assessment of national dietary guidelines in a number of European countries reveals that some are based on cohort studies, focusing on total seafood consumption, while others are based on the content of EPA and DHA, distinguishing between oily and other fish. The mean actual intake of fish in most countries is around or below the recommended intake, with differences in intake of fish being present between sex and age groups. Many people do not reach the national recommendation for total fish intake. Dietary recommendations for fish and EPA/DHA are based mainly on data collected more than 10 years ago. However, methods of farmed fish production have changed considerably since then. The actual content of EPA and DHA in farmed salmon has nearly halved as the traditional finite marine ingredients fish meal and fish oil in salmon diets have been replaced with sustainable alternatives of terrestrial origin. As farmed salmon is an important source of EPA and DHA in many Western countries, our intake of these fatty acids is likely to have decreased. In addition, levels of vitamin D and Se are also found to have declined in farmed fish in the past decade. Significant changes in the EPA and DHA, vitamin D and Se content of farmed fish means that average intakes of these nutrients in Western populations are probably lower than before. This may have consequences for the health-giving properties of fish as well as future dietary recommendations for fish intake.