Possible Causes of the Environmental Kuznets Curve: A Theoretical Analysis
Possible Causes of the Environmental Kuznets Curve: A Theoretical Analysis
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发表时间：
2004-08
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通讯作者：
C. Lieb
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作者：
C. Lieb
环境库兹涅茨曲线（EKC）是一种假设，它指出，在低收入水平，污染随着收入的增加而增加，但在高收入水平时则福尔斯。如果这一假设是正确的，经济增长最终将有利于环境。但这个假设正确吗？哪些污染物存在EKC，哪些污染物的污染-收入关系是单调上升的？为什么EKC假说适用于某些污染物，而不适用于其他污染物？作者首先回顾了经验和理论文献。他还分析了EKC的理论原因是经验验证。在介绍了一种用序数代替基数效用函数的较温和的假设来求解静态模型的方法之后，作者对EKC作了进一步的解释。在一个静态和两个动态模型中，他分析了消费和减排之间的（跨期）选择。他还探讨了两种污染物的重叠世代模型。从这一分析中得出了不同类型污染物的污染-收入关系的结论。这些结论对决策者尤其重要。
The environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) is a hypothesis stating that pollution rises with income at low levels of income but falls at higher income levels. If this hypothesis were true, economic growth would finally be good for the environment. But is this hypothesis correct? For which pollutants does the EKC exist and for which pollutants is the pollution-income relationship monotonically rising? Why does the EKC hypothesis apply to some, but not to other pollutants? The author first surveys the empirical and theoretical literature. He also analyses which theoretical causes of the EKC are empirically validated. after introducing a method for solving static models with milder assumptions about the ordinal, instead of the cardinal utility function, the author offers further explanations of the EKC. In one static and in two dynamic models he analyses the (intertemporal) choice between consumpation and abatement. He also explores an overlapping generations model with two pollutants. From this analysis conclusions about the pollution-income relationship for different types of pollutants are drawn. These conclusions are especially important for policy-makers.