CHANGES IN RIVER WATER TEMPERATURE WITH RAINFALL
CHANGES IN RIVER WATER TEMPERATURE WITH RAINFALL
复制标题
降雨引起的河水温度变化
DOI：
10.4157/grj.56.835
复制
发表时间：
1983
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Michiaki Sugita
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Michiaki Sugita
人们从生物学、生态学等不同角度对河流水温进行了研究。即使在水文学中，河流水温也只是被视为水质的一个因素，除了融雪外，关于河流水温随降水径流过程变化的研究很少。本文研究了位于珠穆朗玛峰东北方向约20公里处的一个植被覆盖的小流域内降雨径流过程中河流水温的变化。富士，流域面积0.12平方公里。在1981年8月19-22日的一次台风暴雨中，对河水温度、气温、地温、地下水温度、地下水位、流量、降雨量和地表径流进行了测量。结果表明，在地表径流和过程线达到峰值时，河流水温突然升高约0.2℃~0.5℃。另一方面，地下水位峰值滞后于河流水温的上升。地下水温度和土壤温度保持不变。在这段时间里，气温没有明显的变化。因此，造成这一现象的原因是伴随着热传递的直接径流。建立了河流水温随降雨变化的两个模拟模型。一种模型考虑了水体的热平衡和混合，另一种模型基于水箱模型。前一种模型表明，如果径流分量占总径流的10%左右，河流水温上升0.2~0.5°C左右。用比导度进行的过程线分离表明，在过程线峰值时，直接径流几乎相当于总径流的10%。后一种模型还证明了河流水温的升高是由于直接径流引起的。
River water temperature has been studied from various view points such as biological or ecological. Even in hydrology, river water tern perature has been treated only as a factor of water quality, and there are few investigations about changes in river water temperature with precipitation-runoff process besides snow-melting. In this paper, changes in river water temperature during a rainfall-runoff event were studied in the small vegetated watershed which is located about 20 km northeast of Mt. Fuji and has a drainage area of 0.12km2. Under a heavy rainfall of typhoon on Aug. 19-22, 1981, river water temperature was measured together with air temperature, soil tempera-ture, groundwater temperature, groundwater level, discharge, rainfall and surface runoff. As a result, it was observed that river water temperature rose suddenly about 0.2_??_0.5°C when surface runoff occurred and hydrograph reached its peak. On the other hand, the peak of groundwater level lagged behind rises of river water temperature. Groundwater tempera-ture and soil temperature kept constant. There were no remarkable changes in air tempera-ture during that time. Therefore, the cause of this phenomenon was attributed to a direct runoff accompanying thermal transfer. Two simulation models of changes in river water temperature with rainfall were present-ed. One model takes heat balance and mixing of water body into consideration, and the other model is based on a tank model. The former model represented that if direct runoff component occupies about 10% of total runoff, river water temperature rises about 0.2_??_0.5°C. Hydrograph separation by using specific conductance showed that direct runoff was nearly equal to 10% of total runoff at the peak of hydrograph. The latter model also proved that rises of river water temperature occur due to direct runoff.