Human adaptive responses to climate and environmental change during the Gravettian of Lapa do Picareiro (Portugal)
Human adaptive responses to climate and environmental change during the Gravettian of Lapa do Picareiro (Portugal)
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DOI：
10.1016/j.quaint.2020.08.009
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发表时间：
2021-04-19
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Friedl, Lukas
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Haws, Jonathan;Benedetti, Michael;Friedl, Lukas
在伊比利亚半岛，晚更新世气候突变影响了人类和自然系统。近年来，随着新的放射性碳技术的发展，我们对人类对这些气候扰动的适应性反应的认识有所提高，这些技术提高了文化年表的时间分辨率。与此同时，新的高分辨率的古气候记录格陵兰冰芯，深海沉积物芯，洞穴沉积物，和微型动物组合允许详细的古环境重建。结合文化变迁的考古记录，这些数据集可以更好地了解晚更新世人类社会生态系统的性质。在这里，我们提出了新的数据Gravettian职业在拉帕做Picareiro，在葡萄牙的洞穴遗址与一个长期连续的地层序列跨越MIS 3和2。Lapa do Picareiro正在进行的挖掘揭示了至少三个Gravettian级别，具有非常不同的原材料使用和技术减少模式。早期格拉维特阶的水平包含一个石英岩薄片组合与几个改装集群和一个小燧石组合与鼻端刮刀和bladelet技术。晚期或晚期格拉维特阶包含有隆脊端刮器/核心刃片技术，主要是石英，有燧石刃片生产，以及一些骨工具。动物群也有不同的特点。两者都含有类似的中型和大型有蹄类动物，但早期的格拉维特阶有更丰富和更多样化的小型动物组合。这些综合考古数据集为格拉维特时期人类应对气候变化的适应提供了新的视角，特别是海因里希事件3和格陵兰海际事件4和3。
On the Iberian Peninsula, abrupt climate shifts during the Late Pleistocene impacted human and natural systems. Our knowledge of human adaptive responses to these climatic perturbations has improved in recent years with the development of new radiocarbon techniques that have increased the temporal resolution of cultural chronologies. At the same time, new high-resolution paleoclimatic records from Greenland ice cores, deep-sea sediment cores, speleothems, and microfaunal assemblages have permitted detailed paleoenvironmental reconstructions. Combined with the archaeological record of culture change, these data sets allow for a better understanding of the nature of human socio-ecological systems during the Late Pleistocene. Here we present new data on the Gravettian occupations at Lapa do Picareiro, a cave site in Portugal with a long continuous stratigraphic sequence spanning MIS 3 and 2. The ongoing excavation of Lapa do Picareiro has revealed at least three Gravettian levels with very different patterns of raw material use and technological reduction. The Early Gravettian levels contain a quartzite flake assemblage with several refitting clusters and a small chert assemblage with nosed endscrapers and bladelet technology. The Late or Terminal Gravettian level contains carinated endscraper/core-bladelet technology, mainly quartz, with chert blade production, and a few bone tools. The faunal assemblages also have a different character. Both contain a similar range of medium and large ungulates but the earlier Gravettian has a much richer and more diverse assemblage of small animals. These combined archaeological data sets provide a new perspective on Gravettian human adaptations in response to climate shifts, especially Heinrich Event 3 and Greenland Interstadials 4 and 3.