Eyewitness Confidence in Simultaneous and Sequential Lineups: A Criterion Shift Account for Sequential Mistaken Identification Overconfidence
Eyewitness Confidence in Simultaneous and Sequential Lineups: A Criterion Shift Account for Sequential Mistaken Identification Overconfidence
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DOI：
10.1037/a0034596
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发表时间：
2013-12-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Dodson, Chad S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dobolyi, David G.;Dodson, Chad S.
在法律诉讼中，证人鉴定的信任判决在定罪中起着不可或缺的作用。过去的研究表明，对正面识别的信心与准确性密切相关。使用标准的阵容识别范式，我们使用信号检测和ROC分析来调查准确性，以及选择同时和连续阵容的人脸的倾向。我们复制了过去的研究结果，与同时的阵容相比，顺序的选择率降低了，但值得注意的是，同时的阵容有准确性优势。此外，我们对置信度-准确度关系的分析揭示了两个关键发现。首先，我们观察到顺序错误识别的过度自信效应：尽管假警报总体上减少了，但对于确实发生的假警报，顺序排列的置信度高于同时排列的置信度，正确识别的置信度没有差异。这种顺序错误识别的过度自信效应是使用顺序比同步阵容更保守的识别标准的预期副产品。其次，我们发现从顺序排列的第一张脸到最后一张脸的错误识别（即箔状识别和假警报）的信心稳步下降，而正确识别的信心和准确性保持相对稳定。总的来说，我们观察到顺序排列既不太准确，也比同时排列产生更高置信度的错误识别。鉴于连续阵容在我们的法律体系中日益突出，我们的数据主张增加审查，并可能对这种阵容格式进行大规模重新评估。
Confidence judgments for eyewitness identifications play an integral role in determining guilt during legal proceedings. Past research has shown that confidence in positive identifications is strongly associated with accuracy. Using a standard lineup recognition paradigm, we investigated accuracy using signal detection and ROC analyses, along with the tendency to choose a face with both simultaneous and sequential lineups. We replicated past findings of reduced rates of choosing with sequential as compared to simultaneous lineups, but notably found an accuracy advantage in favor of simultaneous lineups. Moreover, our analysis of the confidence-accuracy relationship revealed two key findings. First, we observed a sequential mistaken identification overconfidence effect: despite an overall reduction in false alarms, confidence for false alarms that did occur was higher with sequential lineups than with simultaneous lineups, with no differences in confidence for correct identifications. This sequential mistaken identification overconfidence effect is an expected byproduct of the use of a more conservative identification criterion with sequential than with simultaneous lineups. Second, we found a steady drop in confidence for mistaken identifications (i.e., foil identifications and false alarms) from the first to the last face in sequential lineups, whereas confidence in and accuracy of correct identifications remained relatively stable. Overall, we observed that sequential lineups are both less accurate and produce higher confidence false identifications than do simultaneous lineups. Given the increasing prominence of sequential lineups in our legal system, our data argue for increased scrutiny and possibly a wholesale reevaluation of this lineup format.