Happiness Is Best Kept Stable: Positive Emotion Variability Is Associated With Poorer Psychological Health
Happiness Is Best Kept Stable: Positive Emotion Variability Is Associated With Poorer Psychological Health
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DOI：
10.1037/a0030262
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发表时间：
2013-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Mauss, Iris B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gruber, June;Kogan, Aleksandr;Mauss, Iris B.
积极情绪已被证明与包括心理健康在内的许多领域的适应性结果有关。然而，研究主要集中在积极情绪的整体水平上，而很少关注它在时间上的变化与稳定。因此，我们通过两项不同的研究、人群和科学验证的方法来量化情绪随时间的变化，研究了积极情绪变异性与稳定的心理健康相关性。研究1在美国社区样本（N = 244）中使用日常体验方法来检查两周内（宏观层面）的积极情绪变异性。研究2在法国成人样本（N = 2,391）中采用每日重建方法来检查1天内（微观水平）的变异性。积极情绪的宏观和微观水平变化越大，心理健康状况越差，包括幸福感和生活满意度较低，抑郁和焦虑程度较高（研究1），日常满意度、生活满意度和幸福感较低（研究2）。综上所述，这些发现支持了这样一种观点，即积极情绪的可变性在心理健康中扮演着重要的、渐进的角色，超越了整体的幸福水平，太多的可变性可能会导致适应不良。
Positive emotion has been shown to be associated with adaptive outcomes in a number of domains, including psychological health. However, research has largely focused on overall levels of positive emotion with less attention paid to how variable versus stable it is across time. We thus examined the psychological health correlates of positive emotion variability versus stability across 2 distinct studies, populations, and scientifically validated approaches for quantifying variability in emotion across time. Study 1 used a daily experience approach in a U. S. community sample (N = 244) to examine positive emotion variability across 2 weeks (macrolevel). Study 2 adopted a daily reconstruction method in a French adult sample (N = 2,391) to examine variability within 1 day (microlevel). Greater macro- and microlevel variability in positive emotion was associated with worse psychological health, including lower well-being and life satisfaction and greater depression and anxiety (Study 1), and lower daily satisfaction, life satisfaction, and happiness (Study 2). Taken together, these findings support the notion that positive emotion variability plays an important and incremental role in psychological health above and beyond overall levels of happiness, and that too much variability might be maladaptive.