Physical Skill Training Increases the Number of Surviving New Cells in the Adult Hippocampus
Physical Skill Training Increases the Number of Surviving New Cells in the Adult Hippocampus
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0055850
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发表时间：
2013-02-20
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Shors, Tracey J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Curlik, Daniel M., II;Maeng, Lisa Y.;Shors, Tracey J.
齿状回是成人大脑可塑性的主要部位，在成人神经发生的过程中，每天产生数千个新的神经元。虽然这些细胞中的大多数在出生后两周内死亡，但它们可以通过各种形式的学习来挽救。成功获得特定类型的联想记忆和空间记忆会增加这些细胞的存活数量。在这里，我们研究了一种完全不同的学习形式，物理技能学习，可以拯救新的海马细胞免于死亡的可能性。为了测试这种可能性，大鼠接受了一种要求体力和技术难度的旋转棒程序。获得物理技能大大增加了存活的新海马细胞的数量。存活细胞的数量与任务的表现呈正相关。只有成功掌握这项任务的动物才能保留否则就会死亡的细胞。学习失败的动物和那些学习不好的动物并没有比那些未经训练的动物保留更多的细胞。重要的是，在活动轮中进行急性自愿运动并没有增加存活细胞的数量。这些数据表明，获得身体技能可以增加存活的海马细胞的数量。此外，学习更简单的任务并没有增加细胞存活率。这些结果与先前的报告一致，这些报告揭示了学习只有在获得足够困难时才能将新的神经元从死亡中拯救出来。最后，完全海马损伤并没有破坏这种身体技能的获得。因此，不依赖于海马体的体能训练可以有效地增加成年海马体中存活细胞的数量，其中绝大多数成为成熟的神经元。
The dentate gyrus is a major site of plasticity in the adult brain, giving rise to thousands of new neurons every day, through the process of adult neurogenesis. Although the majority of these cells die within two weeks of their birth, they can be rescued from death by various forms of learning. Successful acquisition of select types of associative and spatial memories increases the number of these cells that survive. Here, we investigated the possibility that an entirely different form of learning, physical skill learning, could rescue new hippocampal cells from death. To test this possibility, rats were trained with a physically-demanding and technically-difficult version of a rotarod procedure. Acquisition of the physical skill greatly increased the number of new hippocampal cells that survived. The number of surviving cells positively correlated with performance on the task. Only animals that successfully mastered the task retained the cells that would have otherwise died. Animals that failed to learn, and those that did not learn well did not retain any more cells than those that were untrained. Importantly, acute voluntary exercise in activity wheels did not increase the number of surviving cells. These data suggest that acquisition of a physical skill can increase the number of surviving hippocampal cells. Moreover, learning an easier version of the task did not increase cell survival. These results are consistent with previous reports revealing that learning only rescues new neurons from death when acquisition is sufficiently difficult to achieve. Finally, complete hippocampal lesions did not disrupt acquisition of this physical skill. Therefore, physical skill training that does not depend on the hippocampus can effectively increase the number of surviving cells in the adult hippocampus, the vast majority of which become mature neurons.