Splitting up to heal: mitochondrial shape regulates signaling for focal membrane repair.
Splitting up to heal: mitochondrial shape regulates signaling for focal membrane repair.
复制标题
分裂愈合：线粒体形状调节局部膜修复的信号。
DOI：
10.1042/bst20200120
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发表时间：
2020-10-30
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Jaiswal JK
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Horn A;Jaiswal JK
线粒体对真核细胞的健康至关重要。虽然通常以其生物能量作用而闻名，但线粒体也作为信号细胞器发挥作用，调节细胞应激反应，能够恢复稳态或导致应激细胞最终死亡。细胞膜的损伤是所有细胞都会产生的潜在致命应激源。修复质膜损伤需要细胞对损伤产生快速和局部的反应。越来越多的证据已经确定了线粒体作为这种急性和局部修复反应的重要促进者的作用。然而，由于线粒体在细胞范围内组织成相互连接的网络，因此尚不清楚它们如何共同感知和响应局灶性损伤。在这里，我们将讨论如何线粒体形状的变化是这种局部修复反应的一个组成部分。线粒体片段化在空间上限制了有益的修复信号传导，使得能够局部响应局灶性损伤。保护线粒体片段在跨物种的细胞和组织损伤的反应表明，这是一个普遍的亲生存适应损伤，并表明线粒体片段化可能提供细胞的机制，以促进局部信号在修复质膜损伤的背景下。
Mitochondria are central to the health of eukaryotic cells. While commonly known for their bioenergetic role, mitochondria also function as signaling organelles that regulate cell stress responses capable of restoring homeostasis or leading the stressed cell to eventual death. Damage to the plasma membrane is a potentially fatal stressor incurred by all cells. Repairing plasma membrane damage requires cells to mount a rapid and localized response to injury. Accumulating evidence has identified a role for mitochondria as an important facilitator of this acute and localized repair response. However, as mitochondria are organized in a cell-wide, interconnected network, it is unclear how they collectively sense and respond to a focal injury. Here we will discuss how mitochondrial shape change is an integral part of this localized repair response. Mitochondrial fragmentation spatially restricts beneficial repair signaling, enabling a localized response to focal injury. Conservation of mitochondrial fragmentation in response to cell and tissue damage across species demonstrates that this is a universal pro-survival adaptation to injury and suggests that mitochondrial fragmentation may provide cells a mechanism to facilitate localized signaling in contexts beyond repairing plasma membrane injury.