Militants, criminals, and warlords: the challenge of local governance in an age of disorder
Militants, criminals, and warlords: the challenge of local governance in an age of disorder
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武装分子、罪犯和军阀：混乱时代地方治理的挑战
DOI：
10.1080/24761028.2020.1726598
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Saya Kiba
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
島本 廉;岡村 勝友;Saya Kiba
人们普遍认为，非国家行为体有助于主权国家的成功维护和发展。事实上，世界银行关于善治和社会责任的论述几十年来一直强调--并越来越重视--与一系列非国家实体合作的好处。1然而，一种简单而有害的逻辑将这些团体分为“民间/善良”和“武装/坏人”两类。一方面，对于正常运转的公民国家来说，包括私营部门、媒体和非政府组织在内的非国家行为者促进发展和公共支出;加强预算资源的透明度和监督;提供有用的服务;并帮助制衡机构，这被认为是不言自明的。[2]另一方面，对于那些资源匮乏、机会匮乏、对政府缺乏信心、缺乏基本安全保障的弱国或不存在的国家来说，支持这种主张的证据就更难找到了。在《好战分子、罪犯和军阀》一书中，费尔巴布-布朗、特林库纳斯和哈米德提出了这样一个问题：我们应该如何评价来自中东和南美的一系列异质性武装非国家行为体的性质？以及世界各地的不稳定地区。他们质疑所有这些团体仅仅是“坏”演员的还原概念，
It is widely accepted that nonstate actors contribute to the successful maintenance and development of the sovereign state. Indeed, the World Bank’s discourse on good governance and social accountability has for decades acknowledged–and placed increasing importance on–the benefits of engaging with a range with nonstate entities. 1 However, a facile and pernicious logic has divided these groups into the opposed categories of “civil/good” and “armed/bad” actors. On one hand, it is regarded as axiomatic that, for functioning civil states, nonstate actors including the private sector, the media, and nongovernment organizations (NGOs) enhance development and public spending; strengthen transparency and oversight of budgetary resources; provide useful services; and help to check and balance institutions. 2 On the other hand, evidence supporting such claims for weak or absent states, where access to resources, opportunity, faith in government, and basic security can be scarce, is harder to come by.In Militants, Criminals, and Warlords, Felbab-Brown, Trinkunas, and Hamid ask how we should evaluate the nature of a range of heterogeneous, armed nonstate actors from the Middle East and South America, and–by extension–unstable regions across the world. They question the reductive notion that all such groups are merely “bad” actors, exploring how