Induced resistance to control postharvest decay of fruit and vegetables
Induced resistance to control postharvest decay of fruit and vegetables
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DOI：
10.1016/j.postharvbio.2016.08.003
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发表时间：
2016-12-01
影响因子：
7
通讯作者：
Alkan, Noam
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Romanazzi, Gianfranco;Sanzani, Simona Marianna;Alkan, Noam
超过三分之一的收获的水果和蔬菜主要由于收获后腐烂而损失，无法到达客户手中。在过去的十年中，一些采后杀菌剂已被排除在市场之外，或其允许的残留量已显着减少。因此，人们对合成杀真菌剂的生态友好和安全的替代品越来越感兴趣。诱导抗性作为一种可持续的策略来管理水果和蔬菜的采后腐烂越来越受到关注。它们的天然抗性可以通过各种手段增加，例如生物防治剂或它们分泌的激发子。或者，物理手段，如UV-C，臭氧和热处理，可以通过非生物胁迫引发植物抗性。此外，各种与防御相关的植物激素、生物激发子、非有机激发子和挥发性有机化合物已被证明可诱导植物抗性。在过去的几十年中，新的技术已经能够评估基因表达，如定量真实的时间PCR和最新的下一代测序，从而量化的生理变化，这揭示了新的知识，收获前和收获后诱导的抗性响应于各种处理。这些技术允许控制手段的收获后应用的优化，尽管这些数据不能忽视体内有效性的评价。宿主防御的激发阻止了病原体抗性分离株的出现。诱导抗性可以导致植物组织中酚类化合物水平的增加，这些酚类化合物通常具有对人类非常有益的抗氧化特性。此外，诱导抗性保留了天然微生物区系，其富含潜在的生物控制剂，并且提供了控制采后腐烂的组合方法，该方法对种植者和消费者都是可持续的和安全的。这种方法符合欧盟通过第128/2009号指令实施的关于农药可持续使用的综合疾病管理要求。本文综述了近年来在诱导寄主防御机制控制果蔬采后腐烂方面的研究成果和认识，并展望了这一领域面临的新挑战。(C)2016爱思唯尔B. V.保留所有权利。
More than one third of harvested fruit and vegetables are lost and do not reach the customers mainly due to postharvest decay. During the last decade, several postharvest fungicides have been excluded from the market, or their allowed residues have been significantly decreased. Therefore, there is growing interest in eco-friendly and safe alternatives to synthetic fungicides. Induced resistance has gained increasing attention as a sustainable strategy to manage postharvest decay of fruit and vegetables. Their natural resistance can be increased by various means, such as biocontrol agents or their secreted elicitors. Alternatively, physical means, such as UV-C, ozone, and heat treatment, can prime plant resistance through abiotic stress. Moreover, various defense-related phytohormones, biological elicitors, non organic elicitors, and volatile organic compounds have been shown to induce plant resistance. During the last decades, new technologies have enabled the evaluation of gene expression, such as quantitative real time PCR and the most recent next-generation sequencing, and thus the quantification of physiological changes, which have revealed new knowledge about preharvest and postharvest induced resistance in response to various treatments. These techniques allow optimization of postharvest application of the control means, although these data cannot disregard the evaluation of in vivo effectiveness. The elicitation of host defenses prevents the appearance of resistant isolates of pathogens. Induced resistance can lead to increased levels of phenolic compounds in the plant tissues, which often have antioxidant properties that are highly beneficial to humans. Moreover, induced resistance preserves the natural microflora, which is rich in potential biocontrol agents, and which provides a combined approach in the control of postharvest decay that is sustainable and safe for both growers and consumers. This approach meets the requirements of integrated disease management on sustainable use of pesticides that in the EU is implemented through Directive 128/2009. This review summarizes recent achievements and knowledge of the elicitation of host defenses to control postharvest decay of fruit and vegetables, and provides an outlook on the new challenges in this fascinating subject. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.