The Chronotype of Elite Athletes
The Chronotype of Elite Athletes
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DOI：
10.1515/hukin-2016-0049
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发表时间：
2016-12-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Sargent, Charli
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lastella, Michele;Roach, Gregory D.;Sargent, Charli
这项研究的目的是（i）比较优秀运动员的生理时钟分布的年轻成年人的人口和（ii），以确定是否有一种倾向，运动员选择和/或参加适合他们的生理时钟类型的运动。共有114名来自五项运动（板球，自行车，曲棍球，足球和铁人三项）的优秀运动员参加了这项研究。参与者的时间类型，嗜睡，睡眠满意度和睡眠质量是使用Horne和Ostberg的Morningness和Eveningness问卷，埃普沃思嗜睡量表和有关睡眠满意度和质量的问题来确定的。所有问卷调查都是在一个典型的培训阶段进行的，而不是在比赛前和/或比赛后。睡眠时间类型组之间的嗜睡，睡眠满意度或睡眠质量没有差异。与对照组相比，早上和中间类型的铁人三项运动员的比例显着较高chi（2）（2）= 7.5，p = 0.02。观察到运动和时间类型组之间存在显著关系（chi（2）（4）= 15.9，p = 0.04），需要晨间训练的运动中涉及的晨间类型频率较高。有明显的迹象表明，运动员倾向于选择和追求适合他们生理时钟类型的运动。这一点可以从参与晨间运动的晨间类型的数量上看出来。鉴于运动员更有可能追求并擅长适合其生理时钟类型的运动，建议教练在选择过程中考虑运动员的生理时钟类型，或者如果可能的话，设计并实施训练计划的更改，以适应运动员的生理时钟类型或即将到来的比赛时间。
The aims of this study were (i) to compare the chronotype distribution of elite athletes to a young adult population and (ii) to determine if there was a tendency for athletes to select and/or participate in sports which suited their chronotype. A total of 114 elite athletes from five sports (cricket, cycling, hockey, soccer and triathlon) participated in this study. The participants' chronotype, sleepiness, sleep satisfaction and sleep quality were determined using the Horne and Ostberg Morningness and Eveningness questionnaire, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale and questions concerning their sleep satisfaction and quality. All questionnaires were administered during a typical training phase that was not in the lead up to competition and/or post competition. No differences between chronotype group for sleepiness, sleep satisfaction or sleep quality were found. There was a significantly higher proportion of triathletes that were morning and intermediate types compared to the control group chi(2) (2) = 7.5, p = 0.02. A significant relationship between sport and chronotype group (chi(2)(4) = 15.9, p = 0.04) was observed, with a higher frequency of morning types involved in sports that required morning training. There was a clear indication that athletes tended to select and pursue sports that suited their chronotype. This was evident by the amount of morning types involved in morning sports. Given that athletes are more likely to pursue and excel in sports which suit their chronotype, it is recommended that coaches consider the athlete's chronotype during selection processes or if possible design and implement changes to training schedules to either suit the athletes' chronotype or the timing of an upcoming competition.