Trajectories of brain development: point of vulnerability or window of opportunity?
Trajectories of brain development: point of vulnerability or window of opportunity?
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/s0149-7634(03)00005-8
复制
发表时间：
2003-01-01
影响因子：
8.2
通讯作者：
Andersen, SL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Andersen, SL
大脑发育是一个非凡的过程。祖细胞出生、分化并迁移到它们的最终位置。轴突和树突产生分支并形成重要的突触连接，为可能在余生中编码信息奠定了基础。在哺乳动物大脑中，大多数区域内的突触和受体在生命的两个阶段过度产生和消除多达50%：出生前和从童年，青春期到成年的过渡期间。这个过程导致大脑发育的不同关键和敏感时期。自从Hebb（1949）首次假设突触元件的强化通过功能验证发生以来，研究人员已经应用这种方法来理解未成熟大脑的塑造。通过这种方式，大脑变得与环境的需求相匹配。这一假设的延伸表明，在青春期之前暴露于积极和消极的元素，可以以不同于青春期之后暴露于相同元素的方式在最终的成人地形上留下印记。这篇综述致力于提供一个概述哺乳动物大脑发育的关键组成部分，同时提供一个框架，在这些变化的扰动如何独特地影响最终的结果。(C)2003爱思唯尔科技有限公司。保留所有权利。
Brain development is a remarkable process. Progenitor cells are born, differentiate, and migrate to their final locations. Axons and dendrites branch and form important synaptic connections that set the stage for encoding information potentially for the rest of life. In the mammalian brain, synapses and receptors within most regions are overproduced and eliminated by as much as 50% during two phases of life: immediately before birth and during the transitions from childhood, adolescence, to adulthood. This process results in different critical and sensitive periods of brain development. Since Hebb (1949) first postulated that the strengthening of synaptic elements occurs through functional validation, researchers have applied this approach to understanding the sculpting of the immature brain. In this manner, the brain becomes wired to match the needs of the environment. Extensions of this hypothesis posit that exposure to both positive and negative elements before adolescence can imprint on the final adult topography in a manner that differs from exposure to the same elements after adolescence. This review endeavors to provide an overview of key components of mammalian brain development while simultaneously providing a framework for how perturbations during these changes uniquely impinge on the final outcome. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.