Diving behaviour of female northern rockhopper penguins, Eudyptes chrysocome moseleyi, during the brooding period at Amsterdam Island (Southern Indian Ocean)
Diving behaviour of female northern rockhopper penguins, Eudyptes chrysocome moseleyi, during the brooding period at Amsterdam Island (Southern Indian Ocean)
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DOI：
10.1007/s002270050554
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发表时间：
1999-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Georges, JY
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cherel, Y;Tremblay, Y;Georges, JY
在阿姆斯特丹岛（37 ° 50'S; 77 ° 31 'E），用电子时深记录仪研究了14只雌性北方跳岩企鹅（Eudyptes chrysocome moseleyi）警戒期的潜水模式和特征。记录了29次觅食旅行（27次每日觅食旅行和两次更长的旅行，包括一晚），共16572次潜水，深度大于或等于3米。雌性通常在黎明时分离开殖民地，下午晚些时候返回，平均在海上度过12小时，在此期间，它们进行了类似于550次潜水。他们基本上是近岸觅食（平均估计觅食范围6公里），主要捕食后，远洋磷虾Thysanoessa gregaria，鱼类和鱿鱼的饮食只是次要组成部分。平均潜水深度、潜水持续时间和潜水后间隔为18.4米（最大值）。深度109 m），57 s（最大下潜时间168 s）和21 s（占下潜时间的37%）。下降和上升速率平均为1.2和1.0 ms（-1），与潜水持续时间一起与潜水深度显著相关。鸟类在潜水15 ~ 20 m时的潜水时间占总潜水时间的18%，平均最大潜水效率（潜底时间：潜水周期持续时间）发生在潜水15 ~ 35 m时。北方跳岩企鹅潜水行为的最显著特征是，在日常觅食旅行中花费的潜水时间比例很高（平均占其在海上时间的69%）;这主要是由于潜水频率很高（类似于每小时44次潜水），这解释了一次旅行中总垂直距离很高（平均18公里）。夜间潜水活动大大减少，这表明，与其他企鹅一样，E。毛氏金锥虫基本上是昼行性的，并利用视觉线索定位猎物。
The pattern and characteristics of diving in 14 female northern rockhopper penguins, Eudyptes chrysocome moseleyi, were studied at Amsterdam Island (37 degrees 50'S; 77 degrees 31'E) during the guard stage, using electronic time-depth recorders. Twenty-nine foraging trips (27 daily foraging trips and two longer trips including one night) with a total of 16 572 dives of greater than or equal to 3 m were recorded. Females typically left the colony at dawn and returned in the late afternoon, spending an average of 12 h at sea, during which they performed similar to 550 dives. They were essentially inshore foragers (mean estimated foraging range 6 km), and mainly preyed upon the pelagic euphausiid Thysanoessa gregaria, fishes and squid being only minor components of the diet. Mean dive depth, dive duration, and post-dive intervals were 18.4 m (max. depth 109 m), 57 s (max. dive duration 168 s), and 21 s (37% of dive duration), respectively. Descent and ascent rates averaged 1.2 and 1.0 ms(-1) and were, together with dive duration, significantly correlated with dive depth. Birds spent 18% of their total diving time in dives reaching 15 to 20 m, and the mean maximum diving efficiency (bottom time:dive cycle duration) occurred for dives reaching 15 to 35 m. The most remarkable feature of diving behaviour in northern rockhopper penguins was the high percentage of time spent diving during daily foraging trips (on average, 69% of their time at sea); this was mainly due to a high dive frequency (similar to 44 dives per hour), which explained the high total vertical distance travelled during one trip (18 km on average). Diving activity at night was greatly reduced, suggesting that, as other penguins, E. chrysocome moseleyi are essentially diurnal, and locate prey using visual cues.