Cohort Profile: The International Nuclear Workers Study (INWORKS).
Cohort Profile: The International Nuclear Workers Study (INWORKS).
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DOI：
10.1093/ije/dyv122
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发表时间：
2016-06
影响因子：
7.7
通讯作者：
Kesminiene A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hamra GB;Richardson DB;Cardis E;Daniels RD;Gillies M;O'Hagan JA;Haylock R;Laurier D;Leuraud K;Moissonnier M;Schubauer-Berigan M;Thierry-Chef I;Kesminiene A
几十年来，人们一直在研究电离辐射的影响。中度至高度接触对健康的影响已得到充分表征，但低水平、长期接触的影响仍然是一个持续争论的话题。 1 此外，在过去四分之一个世纪中，反复或长期低剂量率暴露于电离辐射已变得越来越普遍。 1 这一趋势的最大贡献者是医疗辐射暴露。 2, 3 自 20 世纪 80 年代以来，人们对核工业工人进行了研究，以提供有关这些影响的直接信息。 2, 3 这些队列非常适合此目的：它们包括大量工人，对外部剂量进行单独（特定于个人）监测并进行多年的随访。然而，早期特定队列研究的估计与多种可能性相一致，从低剂量时的风险降低到高于当前辐射防护建议所依据的风险。为了进一步提高长期低剂量电离辐射后辐射诱发癌症风险估计的准确性，并加强辐射防护标准的科学基础，核工业辐射工作人员癌症风险国际合作研究，即“15国研究”，在15个国家使用共同核心协议进行。 3-5 收集了近 600000 名工人的信息，并对记录剂量的错误进行了彻底研究，以评估不同设施和时间记录的剂量估计的可比性，并识别和量化剂量估计中偏差和不确定性的来源，这些来源在结果的统计分析中得到考虑。 6在 15 个国家的研究中，来自法国、英国和美国的核工人群体提供了有关早期核工人的绝大多数信息。他们提供了 62% 的人年随访以及 67% 的癌症和白血病死亡病例。近年来，法国、英国和美国的队列不断更新。
The effects of exposure to ionizing radiation have been studied for decades. The health effects of moderate to high exposure are well characterized, but the effects of lowlevel, chronic exposure remain a subject of continued debate. 1 Moreover, repeated or protracted low-dose rate exposures to ionizing radiation have become increasingly common over the past quarter-century. 1 The largest contributor to this trend has been medical radiation exposure. 2, 3 Since the 1980s, studies of nuclear industry workers have been conducted to provide direct information about these effects. 2, 3 These cohorts are well suited for this purpose: they include large number of workers, with individual (person-specific) monitoring of external doses and many years of follow-up. Estimates from early, cohortspecific studies, were, however, compatible with a wide range of possibilities, from a reduction of risk at low doses to risks higher than those on which current radiation protection recommendations are based. To further improve the precision of estimates of radiation-induced cancer risk following protracted low doses of ionizing radiation and to strengthen the scientific basis of radiation protection standards, an International Collaborative Study of Cancer Risk among Radiation Workers in the Nuclear Industry, the ‘15-Country Study’, was carried out using a common core protocol in 15 countries. 3–5 Information was collected on nearly 600000 workers and a thorough study of errors in recorded doses was carried out to evaluate the comparability of recorded dose estimates across facilities and time, and to identify and quantify sources of bias and uncertainties in dose estimates, which were taken into account in the statistical analyses of the results. 6Within the 15-country study, the cohorts of nuclear workers from France, the UK and the USA provided the vast majority of the information available on early nuclear workers. They provided 62% of the person-years of follow-up and 67% of cancer and leukaemia deaths. In recent years, the cohorts from France, the UK and the USA have been updated.