Evidence for interactions among environmental stressors in the Laurentian Great Lakes
Evidence for interactions among environmental stressors in the Laurentian Great Lakes
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劳伦森五大湖环境压力源之间相互作用的证据
DOI：
10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.01.010
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发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
6.9
通讯作者：
J. Allan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sigrid D. P. Smith;David B. Bunnell;G.A. Burton;Jan J.H. Ciborowski;Alisha D. Davidson;Caitlin E. Dickinson;Lauren A. Eaton;Peter C. Esselman;Mary Anne Evans;D. Kashian;Nathan F. Manning;Peter B. McIntyre;T. Nalepa;A. Pérez;A. Steinman;D. Uzarski;J. Allan
在生态系统中，环境应激源的共生现象普遍存在，但其累积效应很难预测才能有效地制定指标。个体应激源可以放大(协同)或减轻(对抗)彼此的影响，或者具有完全独立的影响(相加)。在这里，我们使用劳伦斯五大湖，那里的多种压力源已经被研究了几十年，作为一个案例研究，考虑了来自系统的文献回顾和专家启发(或结构化的专家判断)的洞察力，以确定压力源的相互作用。在我们对应激源和交互作用相关关键词的文献搜索中，相对较少的研究(9%，或6/65)支持具有独立应激源效应的相加交互作用。相反，对抗(42%，27/65)和协同(49%，32/65)都很常见。我们发现了大量证据表明入侵的鱼纲贻贝与营养负荷以及入侵物种对(主要是鱼纲 × 圆形虎鱼)之间的相互作用，但这两组记录都包括协同和拮抗的混合。对应激源单独和联合影响的完全量化是罕见的，但 × 营养负荷的影响大小支持拮抗。我们的专家启发包括在焦点小组中进行讨论和后续调查。从文献综述来看，这一过程突出了营养负荷与淡水贻贝和气候变化之间协同作用的潜力。这项研究还发现了文献中较少探讨的其他潜在相互作用，特别是营养负荷与低氧和湿地丧失的协同作用。为了刺激未来的研究，我们建立了一个概念性模型，描述了鱼纲贻贝、气候变化和营养负荷之间的相互作用。我们的案例研究说明了考虑来自启发和系统审查的结果以克服数据限制的价值。在单一生态系统中同时出现协同作用和对抗现象，突出了预测应激源的累积影响以指导指标制定以及其他管理和恢复决定的挑战。
Co-occurrence of environmental stressors is ubiquitous in ecosystems, but cumulative effects are difficult to predict for effective indicator development. Individual stressors can amplify (synergies) or lessen (antagonisms) each other's impacts or have fully independent effects (additive). Here we use the Laurentian Great Lakes, where a multitude of stressors have been studied for decades, as a case study for considering insights from both a systematic literature review and an expert elicitation (or structured expert judgment) to identify stressor interactions. In our literature search for pairs of stressors and interaction-related keywords, relatively few studies (9%, or 6/65) supported additive interactions with independent stressor effects. Instead, both antagonisms (42%, or 27/65) and synergies (49%, or 32/65) were common. We found substantial evidence for interactions of invasive dreissenid mussels with nutrient loading and between pairs of invasive species (predominantly dreissenids × round goby), yet both sets of records included mixtures of synergies and antagonisms. Complete quantification of individual and joint effects of stressors was rare, but effect sizes for dreissenid mussels × nutrient loading supported an antagonism. Our expert elicitation included discussion in focus groups and a follow-up survey. This process highlighted the potential for synergies of nutrient loading with dreissenid mussels and climate change as seen from the literature review. The elicitation also identified additional potential interactions less explored in the literature, particularly synergies of nutrient loading with hypoxia and wetland loss. To stimulate future research, we built a conceptual model describing interactions among dreissenid mussels, climate change, and nutrient loading. Our case study illustrates the value of considering results from both elicitations and systematic reviews to overcome data limitations. The simultaneous occurrence of synergies and antagonisms in a single ecosystem underscores the challenge of predicting the cumulative effects of stressors to guide indicator development and other management and restoration decisions.