Jaw-opening reflex and corticobulbar motor excitability changes during quiet sleep in non-human primates.

Jaw-opening reflex and corticobulbar motor excitability changes during quiet sleep in non-human primates.
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非人类灵长类动物在安静睡眠期间张口反射和皮质球运动兴奋性发生变化。

DOI：
10.5665/sleep.2388
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
Sleep
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
B. Sessle
B. Sessle
中科院分区：
医学2区
文献类型：
--
作者：
D. Yao;G. Lavigne;Jye;K. Adachi;B. Sessle

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研究目标 为了验证睡眠期间颌骨肌肉的反射和皮质球运动兴奋性降低的假设。 设计 多导睡眠记录仪在电生理研究中的应用。 设置 大学睡眠研究实验室。 参与者和干预措施 测定了恒河猴(n=4)安静清醒状态(QW)和安静睡眠(QS)时颌肌的反射和皮质球运动兴奋性。 测量和结果 QS期与QW期相比，在2~3.5x阈值刺激下，舌刺激张口反射峰值和均方根值均显著降低(P&lt；0.001)。睡眠时张口反射潜伏期也明显长于QW时。在QW期间，皮质咀嚼区内的皮质内微刺激(ICMS)在一个稳定的阈值(≤60μA)下诱发有节律性的下巴运动；但在QS期间，ICMS没有在所用的最大ICMS强度下诱导任何有节律性的下巴运动，尽管在显著增加的阈值(P&lt；0.001)下，其中一只猴子被诱发出持续的张口运动。同样，在QW期间，面部初级运动皮质内的ICMS在一个稳定的阈值(≤35μA)诱发口面部抽动，但在QS期间ICMS阈值升高。在动物醒来后不久，在类似于QS之前的阈值下，可以诱发出有节奏的下巴运动和口面部抽动。 结论 结果提示，QS期间颌骨运动系统反射和皮质球诱发活动的兴奋性受到抑制。
STUDY OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that the reflex and corticobulbar motor excitability of jaw muscles is reduced during sleep. DESIGN Polysomnographic recordings in the electrophysiological study. SETTING University sleep research laboratories. PARTICIPANTS AND INTERVENTIONS The reflex and corticobulbar motor excitability of jaw muscles was determined during the quiet awake state (QW) and quiet sleep (QS) in monkeys (n = 4). MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS During QS sleep, compared to QW periods, both tongue stimulation-evoked jaw-opening reflex peak and root mean square amplitudes were significantly decreased with stimulations at 2-3.5 × thresholds (P < 0.001). The jaw-opening reflex latency during sleep was also significantly longer than during QW. Intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) within the cortical masticatory area induced rhythmic jaw movements at a stable threshold (≤ 60 μA) during QW; but during QS, ICMS failed to induce any rhythmic jaw movements at the maximum ICMS intensity used, although sustained jaw-opening movements were evoked at significantly increased threshold (P < 0.001) in one of the monkeys. Similarly, during QW, ICMS within face primary motor cortex induced orofacial twitches at a stable threshold (≤ 35 μA), but the ICMS thresholds were elevated during QS. Soon after the animal awoke, rhythmic jaw movements and orofacial twitches could be evoked at thresholds similar to those before QS. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that the excitability of reflex and corticobulbar-evoked activity in the jaw motor system is depressed during QS.