Silicosis
Silicosis
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DOI：
10.1016/s0140-6736(12)60235-9
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发表时间：
2012-05-26
期刊：
影响因子：
168.9
通讯作者：
Chen, Weihong
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Leung, Chi Chiu;Yu, Ignatius Tak Sun;Chen, Weihong
硅肺是一种纤维化肺病，由吸入游离结晶二氧化硅或二氧化硅引起。许多行业都存在可吸入结晶二氧化硅粉尘颗粒的职业暴露。肺中结晶二氧化硅的吞噬作用导致溶酶体损伤，激活NALP 3炎性体并引发炎症级联反应，随后发生纤维化。肺功能损害随着疾病进展而增加，即使在患者不再暴露后也是如此。矽肺的诊断需要仔细记录职业暴露和放射学特征，排除其他竞争性诊断。分枝杆菌疾病、呼吸道阻塞和肺癌都与矽尘接触有关。目前还没有治愈性治疗方法，但综合管理战略有助于提高生活质量和减缓恶化。需要进一步努力识别和控制二氧化硅危害，特别是在发展中国家。
Silicosis is a fibrotic lung disease caused by inhalation of free crystalline silicon dioxide or silica. Occupational exposure to respirable crystalline silica dust particles occurs in many industries. Phagocytosis of crystalline silica in the lung causes lysosomal damage, activating the NALP3 inflammasome and triggering the inflammatory cascade with subsequent fibrosis. Impairment of lung function increases with disease progression, even after the patient is no longer exposed. Diagnosis of silicosis needs carefully documented records of occupational exposure and radiological features, with exclusion of other competing diagnoses. Mycobacterial diseases, airway obstruction, and lung cancer are associated with silica dust exposure. As yet, no curative treatment exists, but comprehensive management strategies help to improve quality of life and slow deterioration. Further efforts are needed for recognition and control of silica hazards, especially in developing countries.