Rewinding Roe v. Wade: Understanding the Accelerated Adoption of State-Level Restrictive Abortion Legislation, 2008-2014
Rewinding Roe v. Wade: Understanding the Accelerated Adoption of State-Level Restrictive Abortion Legislation, 2008-2014
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DOI：
10.1080/1554477x.2018.1511123
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发表时间：
2018-01-01
影响因子：
1.1
通讯作者：
Aykanian, Amanda
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bentele, Keith Gunnar;Sager, Rebecca;Aykanian, Amanda
自2008年以来，监管堕胎的州级立法数量急剧增加，33个州通过了近300项限制性法律。虽然这些法律的性质各不相同，但其中许多法律有可能大大限制一些妇女堕胎的机会。使用多水平建模方法，我们调查了与这些发展相关的各种州水平因素。我们发现，在完全由共和党控制的州通过了更多的反堕胎政策，女性民主党议员较少，保守的福音派运动在州政府中的存在也更强大。我们还在一个单独的分析中研究了对诊所、寻求堕胎的人和资金的更多实质性限制，以及象征性限制和那些旨在阻止妇女在另一个地方寻求堕胎的限制。这两种限制的大部分差异是由共和党的控制和保守的福音派运动影响解释的。然而，一个值得注意的区别是，更多的女性民主党议员的存在与通过更具象征性的限制类型的减少有关，但不是更实质性和相应的限制。根据政治调解模型的预期，我们测试了多种因素的影响是否取决于共和党对州政府的完全控制。我们发现，在反堕胎议员占多数的州，女性共和党议员更多，人均反堕胎非营利组织更多，以及保守的福音派运动在州政府中的影响力更大的州，共和党立法多数通过了更多的反堕胎立法。总体而言，我们认为这些政策发展是保守的福音派反堕胎运动数十年来对共和党机构的投资与2010年选举后共和党在州一级异常高水平的控制所提供的政治机会相结合的产物。
Since 2008 the volume of state-level legislation regulating abortion has dramatically increased, with nearly 300 restrictive laws passing in 33 states. While the character of these laws is varied, many have the potential to significantly limit access to abortion for some women. Using a multilevel modeling approach, we investigate a wide variety of state-level factors associated with these developments. We find that a larger number of antiabortion policies have passed in states under full Republican control, with fewer female Democratic legislators, and states with a stronger presence by the conservative Evangelical movement within state governments. We also examine more substantive restrictions on clinics, abortion seekers, and funding in a separate analysis, and symbolic restrictions and those intended to discourage women seeking abortions in another. Most of the variation in both types of restrictions is explained by GOP control and conservative Evangelical movement influence. One noteworthy difference, however, is that the presence of more female Democratic legislators is associated with reductions in the passage of the more symbolic types of restrictions, but not more substantial and consequential restrictions. Following the expectations of the political mediation model, we test whether the impacts of multiple factors are contingent upon the presence of full GOP control of state governments. We find that GOP legislative majorities passed substantially more antiabortion legislation in the context of states with majorities of pro-life legislators, more female Republican legislators, more pro-life nonprofits per capita, and stronger conservative Evangelical movement influence in state governments. Overall, we view these policy developments as a product of the convergence of decades of investment by the conservative Evangelical antiabortion movement into GOP institutions with the political opportunities provided by unusually high levels of state-level Republican party control following the 2010 elections.