The Effect of Cochlear-Implant-Mediated Electrical Stimulation on Spiral Ganglion Cells in Congenitally Deaf White Cats
The Effect of Cochlear-Implant-Mediated Electrical Stimulation on Spiral Ganglion Cells in Congenitally Deaf White Cats
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DOI：
10.1007/s10162-010-0234-3
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发表时间：
2010-12-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Ryugo, David K.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chen, Iris;Limb, Charles J.;Ryugo, David K.
长期以来人们观察到听觉感受器细胞的丧失与螺旋神经节细胞的进行性退化有关。通过人工耳蜗植入进行慢性电刺激已被用来减缓因耳毒性药物而导致新生儿耳聋的猫的退化速度，但结果好坏参半。本研究使用有遗传性耳聋史的白猫作为替代动物模型来研究这个问题。十九只猫为这项研究提供了新数据：四只听力正常的猫、七只先天性耳聋的白猫和八只单侧耳蜗植入的先天性耳聋的白猫。来自其他猫的数据是从文献中收集的。电刺激在出生后3至4或6至7个月开始，猫接受刺激大约每天7小时，每周5天，持续12周。对螺旋神经节细胞计数、细胞密度和细胞体大小的定量分析显示，人工耳蜗植入者和先天性耳聋受试者之间没有明显改善。植入人工耳蜗的猫和先天性聋猫的平均神经节细胞大小在统计上相似，并且小于听力正常的猫。与先天性耳蜗猫相比，植入人工耳蜗的猫的上基部和中耳蜗转内的细胞密度往往会降低，但在下基部和顶耳蜗转内仍保持在先天性耳聋水平。这些结果没有证据表明，与未受刺激的先天性耳聋猫相比，慢性电刺激可以增强螺旋神经节细胞的存活率、细胞密度或细胞大小。无论神经节神经元状态如何，这些在较早年龄植入的猫的耳蜗核中的听觉神经突触都得到了明确的恢复。
It has long been observed that loss of auditory receptor cells is associated with the progressive degeneration of spiral ganglion cells. Chronic electrical stimulation via cochlear implantation has been used in an attempt to slow the rate of degeneration in cats neonatally deafened by ototoxic agents but with mixed results. The present study examined this issue using white cats with a history of hereditary deafness as an alternative animal model. Nineteen cats provided new data for this study: four normal-hearing cats, seven congenitally deaf white cats, and eight congenitally deaf white cats with unilateral cochlear implants. Data from additional cats were collected from the literature. Electrical stimulation began at 3 to 4 or 6 to 7 months after birth, and cats received stimulation for approximately 7 h a day, 5 days a week for 12 weeks. Quantitative analysis of spiral ganglion cell counts, cell density, and cell body size showed no marked improvement between cochlear-implanted and congenitally deaf subjects. Average ganglion cell size from cochlear-implanted and congenitally deaf cats was statistically similar and smaller than that of normal-hearing cats. Cell density from cats with cochlear implants tended to decrease within the upper basal and middle cochlear turns in comparison to congenitally deaf cats but remained at congenitally deaf levels within the lower basal and apical cochlear turns. These results provide no evidence that chronic electrical stimulation enhances spiral ganglion cell survival, cell density, or cell size compared to that of unstimulated congenitally deaf cats. Regardless of ganglion neuron status, there is unambiguous restoration of auditory nerve synapses in the cochlear nucleus of these cats implanted at the earlier age.