Kantian optimization: A microfoundation for cooperation
Kantian optimization: A microfoundation for cooperation
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康德优化：合作的微观基础
DOI：
10.1016/j.jpubeco.2014.03.011
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
J. Roemer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Roemer
尽管在生物学、人类学和实验经济学中有证据表明萨皮木是一个合作的物种，但经济学理论中的主导假设是个体以自给自足的方式进行优化（如纳什均衡和瓦尔拉斯均衡）。我在这里假设一种合作的优化行为，称为康德。它表明，在简单的经济模型中，当有负外部性（如拥挤的影响，从共同拥有的资源的使用）或正外部性（如社会风气反映在个人的偏好），康德均衡占主导地位的纳什-瓦尔拉斯均衡的效率。虽然受过纳什均衡教育的经济学家可能会把康德的行为视为乌托邦，但有一些--也许是很多--证据表明它确实存在。如果文化是通过群体选择进化的，那么康德行为比我们想象的更普遍的假设得到了这里所展示的效率结果的支持。
Although evidence accrues in biology, anthropology and experimental economics thathomo sapiensis a cooperative species, the reigning assumption in economic theory is that individuals optimize in an autarkic manner (as in Nash and Walrasian equilibrium). I here postulate a cooperative kind of optimizing behavior, called Kantian. It is shown that in simple economic models, when there are negative externalities (such as congestion effects from use of a commonly owned resource) or positive externalities (such as a social ethos reflected in individuals' preferences), Kantian equilibria dominate the Nash–Walras equilibria in terms of efficiency. While economists schooled in Nash equilibrium may view the Kantian behavior as utopian, there is some – perhaps much – evidence that it exists. If cultures evolve through group selection, the hypothesis that Kantian behavior is more prevalent than we may think is supported by the efficiency results here demonstrated.