Metagenomic Investigation of a Low Diversity, High Salinity Offshore Oil Reservoir.
Metagenomic Investigation of a Low Diversity, High Salinity Offshore Oil Reservoir.
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DOI：
10.3390/microorganisms9112266
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发表时间：
2021-10-31
期刊：
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
de Rezende JR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Scheffer G;Hubert CRJ;Enning DR;Lahme S;Mand J;de Rezende JR
由于水资源少、盐度高、压力高和天然存在的放射性核素，储油层可以代表微生物生命的极端环境。这项研究调查了墨西哥湾油藏含盐地层水样品的微生物组。宏基因组分析和相关的厌氧富集培养物使研究代谢潜力的微生物活动和持久性在这种环境中，由于其高盐度（4.5%）和低营养物质的可用性。初步的16S rRNA基因扩增子测序显示微生物多样性非常低。因此，深度鸟枪测序产生了9个宏基因组组装的基因组（MAG），包括Halanaerobiaceae内的新谱系QPJE01（属水平）和Bacteroidales内的BM 520（家族水平）的成员。这9种生物的基因组包括呼吸途径，如硝酸盐还原（在Arhopulum，Flexistipes，Geotoga和Marinopulum MAG中）和硫代硫酸盐还原（在Arhopulum，Flexistipes和Geotoga MAG中）。适应高盐度，耐放射性，金属收购的基因组证据也观察到在不同的MAG，可能解释他们的发生在这个极端的栖息地。其他代谢特征包括群体感应和生物膜形成的潜力，以及在某些情况下形成内生孢子的基因。了解深层生物圈环境的微生物组有助于了解未培养的地下微生物的能力及其在地下环境中的潜在作用，包括在石油开采作业期间。
Oil reservoirs can represent extreme environments for microbial life due to low water availability, high salinity, high pressure and naturally occurring radionuclides. This study investigated the microbiome of saline formation water samples from a Gulf of Mexico oil reservoir. Metagenomic analysis and associated anaerobic enrichment cultures enabled investigations into metabolic potential for microbial activity and persistence in this environment given its high salinity (4.5%) and low nutrient availability. Preliminary 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing revealed very low microbial diversity. Accordingly, deep shotgun sequencing resulted in nine metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs), including members of novel lineages QPJE01 (genus level) within the Halanaerobiaceae, and BM520 (family level) within the Bacteroidales. Genomes of the nine organisms included respiratory pathways such as nitrate reduction (in Arhodomonas, Flexistipes, Geotoga and Marinobacter MAGs) and thiosulfate reduction (in Arhodomonas, Flexistipes and Geotoga MAGs). Genomic evidence for adaptation to high salinity, withstanding radioactivity, and metal acquisition was also observed in different MAGs, possibly explaining their occurrence in this extreme habitat. Other metabolic features included the potential for quorum sensing and biofilm formation, and genes for forming endospores in some cases. Understanding the microbiomes of deep biosphere environments sheds light on the capabilities of uncultivated subsurface microorganisms and their potential roles in subsurface settings, including during oil recovery operations.