Dissecting heat tolerance and yield stability in maize from greenhouse and field experiments
Dissecting heat tolerance and yield stability in maize from greenhouse and field experiments
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DOI：
10.1111/jac.12590
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发表时间：
2022-03-21
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Huang, Shoubing
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Liu, Mayang;Sheng, Dechang;Huang, Shoubing
随着气候变暖，开花期高温日益降低玉米产量。然而，玉米的耐热性在开花特性和产量稳定性方面还没有得到充分的了解，特别是在雌花型方面。对4个自交系和5个杂交种的耐热性进行了温控温室研究，包括30/20和40/30℃处理，在吐丝期15天内进行。通过田间试验，对5个杂交种在4个田间环境的3个测点的产量稳定性进行了研究。在温室条件下，9个品种的结实率和每穗粒数分别从30/20℃时的34.41-83.03%和162.0-653.7下降到40/30℃时的0.68-23.13%和0.3-332.5，这主要是由于40/30℃时花粉落叶重量、花粉生活力和吐丝率降低所致。但在40/30℃条件下，只有长7-2x齐319表现较好。在田间试验中，长7-2x仙2号、仙2x郑58、长319x县2和长7-2x齐319是在特定环境下获得的杂交组合。长7-2x仙2号穗较大，千粒重较大，产量潜力最大，但Psw和PV较低，稳产性较差。昌7-2x齐319兼具高产潜力和丰产稳产性，表现为PSW大，PV和SR高，不同环境下开花格局稳定。雌性开花方式(如吐丝动态)也是玉米耐高温和稳产的关键决定因素。因此，在气候变暖的不同不利环境下实现玉米的高产稳产，玉米的雌雄器官同样值得关注。
High temperature during flowering increasingly reduces maize yield with warming climate. Heat tolerance of maize is however not fully understood in the aspect of flowering characteristics and yield stability, especially in the female flowering patterns. Temperature-controlled greenhouse studies were conducted to test heat tolerances of four inbred lines and five hybrids, including 30/20 and 40/30 degrees C treatments during 15 days bracketing the silking stage. Field studies were conducted to determine yield stabilities of five hybrids at three stations including four field environments. In greenhouse study, fertility rate and kernel number per ear (KN/ear) of nine genotypes reduced from 34.41-83.03% and 162.0-653.7 at 30/20 degrees C to 0.68-23.13% and 0.3-332.5 at 40/30 degrees C, respectively, mainly due to reduced pollen shed weight (PSW), pollen viability (PV) and silking rate (SR) at 40/30 degrees C. Hybrids Chang7-2xQi319 and Chang7-2xXian2 showed significantly higher yields and KN/ear at 30/20 degrees C, but only Chang7-2xQi319 performed better at 40/30 degrees C. In field studies, Chang7-2xXian2, Xian2xZheng58, Qi319xXian2 and Chang7-2xQi319 were winning hybrids at specific environments. Chang7-2xXian2 showed the highest yield potential due to the larger ear size and KN/ear but a lower yield stability because of the lower PSW and PV. Chang7-2xQi319 combined high-yield potential and high-yield stability, which can be explained by large PSW, high PV and SR, and stable flowering pattern at different environments. Female flowering pattern (e.g. silking dynamics) is also a key determinant of high temperature tolerance and yield stability in maize. Hence, maize male and female organs should be equally concerned when achieving high and stable yield under different adverse environments in warming climate.