How specific is the shape bias?
How specific is the shape bias?
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DOI：
10.1111/1467-8624.00528
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发表时间：
2003-01-01
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Bloom, P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Diesendruck, G;Bloom, P
孩子们倾向于根据形状的相同性来扩展物体的名称，而不是根据大小、颜色或材料--这种倾向被称为“形状偏见”。“形状偏见是单词和物体之间的良好学习联想的结果吗？或者它的存在是因为人们普遍认为形状是物体类别的一个很好的指标。会员资格？目前的三项研究探讨了这一争论，探讨形状偏见是否是特定的命名。研究1中，3岁儿童在被要求扩展一个新名字和选择一个同类物体作为目标物体时均表现出形状偏向。研究2发现，同样的形状偏见时，儿童被要求概括属性相关的类别成员。研究3重复了研究1中2岁儿童的发现。这些结果表明，形状偏见来自儿童的信念，对象的种类，而不是联想学习的产物。
Children tend to extend object names on the basis of sameness of shape, rather than size, color, or material-a tendency that has been dubbed the "shape bias." Is the shape bias the result of well-learned associations between words and objects? Or does it exist because of a general belief that shape is a good indicator of object category. membership? The present three studies addressed this debate by exploring whether the shape bias is specific to naming. In Study 1,3-year-olds showed the shape bias both when asked to extend a novel name and when asked to select an object of the same kind as a target object. Study 2 found the same shape bias when, children were asked to generalize properties relevant to category membership. Study 3 replicated the findings from Study 1 with 2-year-olds. These findings suggest that the shape bias derives from children's beliefs about object kinds and is not the product of associative learning.