Ozone depletion events observed in the high latitude surface layer during the TOPSE aircraft program
Ozone depletion events observed in the high latitude surface layer during the TOPSE aircraft program
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TOPSE 飞机计划期间在高纬度表层观测到的臭氧消耗事件
DOI：
10.1029/2001jd001507
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发表时间：
2003
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
A. Wimmers
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
B. Ridley;E. Atlas;D. Montzka;E. Browell;C. Cantrell;D. Blake;N. Blake;L. Cinquini;M. Coffey;L. Emmons;R. Cohen;R. Deyoung;J. Dibb;F. Eisele;F. Flocke;A. Fried;F. Grahek;W. Grant;J. Hair;J. Hannigan;B. Heikes;B. Lefer;R. Mauldin;J. Moody;R. Shetter;J. Snow;R. Talbot;J. Thornton;J. Walega;A. Weinheimer;B. Wert;A. Wimmers
[1]在“春分对流层臭氧生产”（TOPSE）飞行计划中，利用激光雷达和现场仪器对高纬近地层臭氧消耗事件（ODE）进行了研究。2000年2月初至5月底，在58°以北的各种区域上空，在30米高度上进行了32次100公里或更长距离的飞行。在北冰洋上空的每次飞行中都发现了ODE，但在更南的纬度上很少发生。然而，在一个案例中，在巴芬湾和哈德逊湾以南，直到5月22日都发现了大面积的事件，其中一次事件的损耗超过2公里。有充分的证据表明，这些更南的事件不是在原地形成的，而是从北冰洋表层输出臭氧耗尽的空气的结果。令人惊讶的是，相对完整的传输ODE发生在900-2000公里的距离，在某些情况下，在崎岖的地形。在黑暗的冬季，冰冻表面的成分积累不可能是臭氧消耗的一个强有力的先决条件，因为北冰洋以南的纬度地区也将经历一个漫长的黑暗期。北冰洋表面或其沿海地区特有的某些过程在释放臭氧消耗卤素方面仍然没有得到确认。在北极或亚北极地区，诸如固体冰/雪、开放的铅或冰穴等粗糙的表面特征与臭氧消耗的发生或强度之间没有对应关系。至少在2000年春季，在高纬度表层没有较新“污染”的远距离输送的情况下，也发生了消耗事件。没有直接测量卤素自由基。然而，这些飞行确实提供了关于表层垂直结构的详细资料，并在30米恒定高度飞行期间，提供了各种成分的测量结果，包括羟基和过氧自由基。对这些组分的行为进行了总结。测量结果与雪/冰表面的甲醛来源一致。表层氮氧化物的中位数为15 pptv或更少，表明在30米的高度，表面排放物基本上转化为水库成分，臭氧产生率很小（0.15-1.5 ppbv/d）在这个高度。过氧乙酰硝酸盐（PAN）是迄今为止的NOy在地面层的独立的臭氧混合比的主要成分。
[1] During the Tropospheric Ozone Production about the Spring Equinox (TOPSE) aircraft program, ozone depletion events (ODEs) in the high latitude surface layer were investigated using lidar and in situ instruments. Flight legs of 100 km or longer distance were flown 32 times at 30 m altitude over a variety of regions north of 58° between early February and late May 2000. ODEs were found on each flight over the Arctic Ocean but their occurrence was rare at more southern latitudes. However, large area events with depletion to over 2 km altitude in one case were found as far south as Baffin Bay and Hudson Bay and as late as 22 May. There is good evidence that these more southern events did not form in situ but were the result of export of ozone-depleted air from the surface layer of the Arctic Ocean. Surprisingly, relatively intact transport of ODEs occurred over distances of 900–2000 km and in some cases over rough terrain. Accumulation of constituents in the frozen surface over the dark winter period cannot be a strong prerequisite of ozone depletion since latitudes south of the Arctic Ocean would also experience a long dark period. Some process unique to the Arctic Ocean surface or its coastal regions remains unidentified for the release of ozone-depleting halogens. There was no correspondence between coarse surface features such as solid ice/snow, open leads, or polynyas with the occurrence of or intensity of ozone depletion over the Arctic or subarctic regions. Depletion events also occurred in the absence of long-range transport of relatively fresh “pollution” within the high latitude surface layer, at least in spring 2000. Direct measurements of halogen radicals were not made. However, the flights do provide detailed information on the vertical structure of the surface layer and, during the constant 30 m altitude legs, measurements of a variety of constituents including hydroxyl and peroxy radicals. A summary of the behavior of these constituents is made. The measurements were consistent with a source of formaldehyde from the snow/ice surface. Median NOx in the surface layer was 15 pptv or less, suggesting that surface emissions were substantially converted to reservoir constituents by 30 m altitude and that ozone production rates were small (0.15–1.5 ppbv/d) at this altitude. Peroxyacetylnitrate (PAN) was by far the major constituent of NOy in the surface layer independent of the ozone mixing ratio.