Levels and temporal trends (1988-1999) of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) from the St. Lawrence Estuary, Canada.
Levels and temporal trends (1988-1999) of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) from the St. Lawrence Estuary, Canada.
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DOI：
10.1021/es035187j
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发表时间：
2004-04
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
M. Lebȩuf;B. Gouteux;L. Measures;S. Trottier
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Lebȩuf;B. Gouteux;L. Measures;S. Trottier
1988年至1999年期间，在加拿大魁北克圣劳伦斯河口采集了54头搁浅的成年白鲸（Delphinapterus leucas）的鲸脂样本，并在这些样本中测定了多溴联苯醚（PBDEs）。在白鲸样本中测得的10种多溴二苯醚同源物（sigmaPBDEs）的总浓度在20纳克/克（湿重）至近1，000纳克/克（湿重）之间。根据科学文献中报告的海洋哺乳动物体内的多溴二苯醚浓度，SLE白鲸似乎受到的污染相对较轻。只有少数主要同系物（即PBDE-47、PBDE-99和PBDE-100）平均占SLE白鲸体内sigmaPBDE的75%以上。在1988-1999年期间，雄性和雌性白鲸体内的多溴二苯醚累积量呈显著指数增长。白鲸将其鲸脂中最常见的多溴二苯醚同系物浓度增加一倍所需的时间不超过3年。本研究报告的多溴二苯醚时间变化一般较快，但与在加拿大采集的其他生物中观察到的趋势一致，如来自五大湖的湖鳟（Salvelinus namaycush）、环斑海豹（Phoca hispida）和来自加拿大北极地区的白鲸。在调查期间，还观察到白鲸体内多溴二苯醚的分布模式发生了一些变化。最近SLE白鲸体内多溴二苯醚含量显著增加，这可以解释为什么雄性和雌性之间的多溴二苯醚污染没有出现意想不到的统计差异。这表明，迄今为止，雄性和雌性白鲸体内的多溴联苯醚往往都会累积，从而掩盖了雌性白鲸通过产后转移给后代而消除多溴联苯醚的情况。这项研究证实，多溴二苯醚作为阻燃剂的使用越来越多，导致加拿大水生环境的污染日益严重。需要开展更多的研究，以评估SLE白鲸体内多溴二苯醚组织含量的毒理学影响。
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were determined in blubber samples of 54 stranded adult beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) collected between 1988 and 1999 in the St. Lawrence Estuary (SLE), Quebec, Canada. Summed concentrations of 10 PBDE congeners (sigmaPBDEs) measured in beluga samples varied between 20 and almost 1000 ng/g wet weight. According to the PBDE concentrations in marine mammals reported in the scientific literature, SLE belugas appear to be relatively lightly contaminated. Only a few predominant congeners (namely, PBDE-47, -99, and -100) represent on average more than 75% of sigmaPBDEs in SLE belugas. The accumulation of sigmaPBDEs in both male and female belugas showed significant exponential increase throughout the 1988-1999 time period. The time necessary for beluga to double their blubber concentration of the most prevalent PBDE congeners was no longer than 3 years. The PBDE temporal changes reported in this study are generally faster but in agreement with the trend observed in other organisms collected in Canada, such as lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) from the Great Lakes, ringed seal (Phoca hispida), and beluga whale from the Canadian Arctic. Some changes in the pattern of PBDEs in belugas were also observed during the time period investigated. The recent and important increase of PBDE levels in SLE belugas could explain the unexpected lack of statistical difference in PBDE contamination between males and females. This suggests that to date PBDEs tend to be accumulated by both male and female belugas, masking the elimination of PBDEs by females through post-natal transfer to their offspring. This study confirms that the growing use of PBDEs as flame retardants has resulted in rising contamination of Canadian aquatic environments. Additional studies are needed to assess the toxicological implications of the PBDE tissue levels found in SLE belugas.