Sex differences in behavior and neural development and their role in adolescent vulnerability to substance use.
Sex differences in behavior and neural development and their role in adolescent vulnerability to substance use.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.bbr.2015.04.008
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发表时间：
2016-02-01
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Gulley JM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hammerslag LR;Gulley JM
青少年特别容易出现危险行为和出现心理障碍，如滥用药物、焦虑和抑郁。然而，在这种脆弱性方面存在性别差异，女性更容易发展内化障碍，男性更容易从事危险行为和吸毒。虽然一些研究人员提出，皮质边缘回路的发展和青少年的脆弱性之间有关系，目前提出的模型没有考虑性别差异。在这篇综述中，我们探讨了最近的研究结果，从人类和啮齿动物的性别差异在青春期。特别是，我们认为流行病学研究的因素，有助于发展的物质滥用和内化障碍，实验室研究奖励相关的和决策行为，和神经解剖学研究的发展中的几个结构的皮质边缘电路（即，前额叶皮质[PFC]、杏仁核和纹状体）。然后，我们将这些最新的研究结果整合到青少年对物质使用的脆弱性模型中，这些模型以前没有解决性别差异。最后，我们讨论的解释和设计的研究在青春期的性别（或性别）差异的方法考虑，同时强调一些未来的调查机会。
Adolescents are especially prone to risky behavior and to the emergence of psychological disorders like substance abuse, anxiety and depression. However, there is a sex (or gender) difference in this vulnerability, with females being more prone to developing internalizing disorders and males being more likely to engage in risky behavior and drug use. While several researchers have proposed that there is a relationship between corticolimbic circuit development and adolescent vulnerability, the current proposed models do not take sex differences into account. In this review, we explore recent findings from both human and rodent studies of sex differences during adolescence. In particular, we consider epidemiological studies on the factors that contribute to the development of substance abuse and internalizing disorders, laboratory studies on reward-related and decision-making behavior, and neuroanatomical studies on the development of several structures in the corticolimbic circuit (i.e., prefrontal cortex [PFC], amygdala and striatum). We then integrate these recent findings into models of adolescent vulnerability to substance use that have previously not addressed sex differences. Lastly, we discuss methodological considerations for the interpretation and design of studies on sex (or gender) differences during adolescence while highlighting some opportunities for future investigations.