Educational Expansion and the Role of Education in Expenditure Inequality in Indonesia Since the 1997 Financial Crisis
Educational Expansion and the Role of Education in Expenditure Inequality in Indonesia Since the 1997 Financial Crisis
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DOI：
10.1007/s11205-015-1208-y
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发表时间：
2017-02-01
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Akita, Takahiro
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Akita, Takahiro
基于1997年至2011年的全国社会经济调查（Susenas），本研究探讨了自1997年金融危机以来教育扩张下印度尼西亚教育在支出不平等中的作用。这是通过三种分解方法实现的：布林德-瓦哈卡分解;基尼系数分解;以及泰尔指数的层次分解。教育的扩大，特别是农村地区基础教育的扩大，似乎不仅缩小了城乡之间的教育差距，而且缩小了农村内部的教育不平等。在很大程度上，由于城乡之间的教育差距缩小，城乡支出差距自2000年代中期以来有所缩小。另一方面，城市地区高等教育的扩大，不仅扩大了教育群体之间的不平等，而且扩大了高等教育群体内部的不平等，似乎在最近整体支出不平等的加剧中发挥了重要作用。基础教育政策仍然是减少支出不平等的有效手段，因为这些政策不仅可以缩小城乡之间的教育差距，而且可以通过提高一般教育水平来缩小农村地区的教育不平等。由于城市地区高等教育的扩大似乎是最近总体支出不平等加剧的主要因素之一，因此高等教育政策也至关重要。
Based on the National Socio-Economic Survey (Susenas) from 1997 to 2011, this study examines the role of education in expenditure inequality in Indonesia under educational expansion since the 1997 financial crisis. This is achieved using the three decomposition methods: the Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition; the decomposition of the Gini coefficient; and the hierarchical decomposition of the Theil index. The expansion of education, particularly basic education in rural areas, appears to have not only lowered educational disparity between the urban and rural sectors but also educational inequality within the rural sector. Due in large part to the declining educational disparity between the urban and rural sectors, the urban-rural expenditure disparity has narrowed since the mid-2000s. On the other hand, the expansion of higher education in urban areas appears to have played an important role in the recent rise in overall expenditure inequality by raising not only disparity between educational groups but also inequality within the tertiary education group. Basic education policies would still serve as an effective means to mitigate expenditure inequality, as they could reduce not only educational gap between the urban and rural sectors but also educational inequality within the rural sector by raising general educational levels. Since the expansion of higher education in urban areas seems to be one of the main factors of the recent rise in overall expenditure inequality, higher education policies would also be crucial.