At the rainbow's end: high productivity fueled by winter upwelling along an Arctic shelf
At the rainbow's end: high productivity fueled by winter upwelling along an Arctic shelf
复制标题
DOI：
10.1007/s00300-014-1482-1
复制
发表时间：
2015-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Lydersen, Christian
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Falk-Petersen, Stig;Pavlov, Vladimir;Lydersen, Christian
在此，我们记录了2012年1月极夜在斯瓦尔巴群岛北部进行的一次独特的科学考察的结果，在那里我们观察到了82 A度N以北的冰缘以及明显的上升流。从大约1790年到20世纪80年代，斯瓦尔巴特群岛北部地区可能在冬季被冰雪覆盖，在此期间，巴伦支海和斯瓦尔巴特群岛沃茨普遍存在严重的冰情。然而，最近几个冬季的特点是，大陆架上的仲冬开放水域条件，同时在2012年1月出现东北风。由此产生的向北的埃克曼输送导致了大西洋水沿着大陆架的强烈上涌。我们认为，海冰的减少和2012年冬季营养丰富的沃茨的上涌创造了与欧洲捕鲸高峰期（1690-1790年）相似的条件，这种物理特征的结合实际上是硅藻和哲水蚤高初级和次级生产的驱动力，这维持了斯匹次卑尔根群岛附近北极沃茨的弓头鲸（Balaena mysticetus）的大量历史种群。
Herein we document findings from a unique scientific expedition north of Svalbard in the middle of the polar night in January 2012, where we observed an ice edge north of 82A degrees N coupled with pronounced upwelling. The area north of Svalbard has probably been ice-covered during winter in the period from approximately 1790 until the 1980s, a period during which heavy ice conditions have prevailed in the Barents Sea and Svalbard waters. However, recent winters have been characterized by midwinter open water conditions on the shelf, concomitant with northeasterly along-shelf winds in January 2012. The resulting northward Ekman transport resulted in a strong upwelling of Atlantic Water along the shelf. We suggest that a reduction in sea ice and the upwelling of nutrient-rich waters seen in the winter of 2012 created conditions similar to those that occurred during the peak of the European whaling period (1690-1790) and that this combination of physical features was in fact the driving force behind the high primary and secondary production of diatoms and Calanus spp., which sustained the large historical stocks of bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) in Arctic waters near Spitsbergen.