Emergence of urban clustering among U.S. cities under environmental stressors
Emergence of urban clustering among U.S. cities under environmental stressors
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DOI：
10.1016/j.scs.2020.102481
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发表时间：
2020-12
影响因子：
11.7
通讯作者：
Chenghao Wang;Zhi-hua Wang;Qi Li
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Chenghao Wang;Zhi-hua Wang;Qi Li
城市是全球人类与环境相互作用的热点，其可持续发展需要采取积极主动的战略来缓解和适应新出现的环境问题。然而，大多数现有的研究和策略都是基于特定的（通常是单一的）环境过程，其有效性在很大程度上因其对地点的严重依赖而受到削弱。在这里，我们提出了一种用于城市研究的新颖的建模框架，以捕获城市之间响应不同环境压力源的空间连通性和远程联系。为了说明这一点，使用基于通用消息传递的算法来识别美国城市之间的空间结构。分别基于短期热浪事件期间遥感地表温度数据和全年遥感气溶胶光学深度数据集，对极端高温和空气污染两种环境压力源下的城市结构进行分析。结果表明，美国城市聚集为本地和区域相连的群体，而中心-边缘组织通过事件规模极端气象和长期环境压力下的环境相似性和大气传输来体现。物理驱动的城市群揭示了城市是多层次互联的复杂系统，而不是孤立的实体。拟议的框架提供了一条新途径，将基于目标或过程的城市研究转向基于系统的全球研究。
Cities are the hotspots of global human–environment interactions, and their sustainable development requires proactive strategies to mitigate and adapt to emergent environmental issues. Nevertheless, most of the existing studies and strategies are based on specific (and often singular) environmental processes, and their efficacy is largely undermined by their heavy dependence on locality. Here we present a novel modeling framework for urban studies to capture spatial connectivity and teleconnection among cities in response to different environmental stressors. For illustration, a generic message-passing-based algorithm is used to identify spatial structures among U.S. cities. Urban structures are analyzed under two types of environmental stressors, i.e., extreme heat and air pollution, based on remotely sensed land surface temperature data during short-term heat wave events and a yearlong remotely sensed aerosol optical depth dataset, respectively. Results show that U.S. cities are clustered as locally and regionally connected groups, while the hub–periphery organization manifest via environmental similarity and atmospheric transport under both event-scale meteorological extremes and long-term environmental stressors. The physics-driven urban agglomeration reveals that cities are multilevel interconnected complex systems rather than isolated entities. The proposed framework provides a new pathway to shift goal- or process-based urban studies to system-based global ones.