Surface ozone background in the United States: Canadian and Mexican pollution influences
Surface ozone background in the United States: Canadian and Mexican pollution influences
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DOI：
10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.11.036
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发表时间：
2009-02-01
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
van Donkelaar, A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wang, Huiqun;Jacob, Daniel J.;van Donkelaar, A.
我们使用1度x 1度水平分辨率的全球化学输送模型（GEOS-Chem）来量化来自加拿大、墨西哥和北美以外地区的人为排放对美国地表空气中每日最大8小时平均臭氧浓度的影响。2001年夏季的模拟表明，北美和美国的平均背景浓度分别为26 +/- 8ppb和30 +/- 8ppb，这是通过消除北美与仅美国的人为排放得到的。在该模型中，美国的背景辐射从未超过60 ppb。在美国，加拿大和墨西哥的夏季污染增强平均为3 +/- 4 ppb，但在东北和西南的顺风地区，有时会更高，在纽约州北部达到33 ppb的峰值（一天的总臭氧量为75 ppb），在南加州达到18 ppb（一天的总臭氧量为68 ppb）。该模式成功地再现了在这些区域观测到的臭氧变率，包括受跨界污染影响的高臭氧期的发生和强度。我们发现，密歇根州东部、纽约州西部、新泽西州和南加州的空气质量标准超过75 ppb，往往与加拿大和墨西哥的污染加剧超过10 ppb有关。对2020年排放预测的敏感性模拟表明，加拿大污染对美国东北部的影响将与国内发电厂的影响相当。(C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd版权所有。
We use a global chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) with 1 degrees x 1 degrees horizontal resolution to quantify the effects of anthropogenic emissions from Canada, Mexico, and outside North America on daily maximum 8-hour average ozone concentrations in US surface air. Simulations for summer 2001 indicate mean North American and US background concentrations of 26 +/- 8 ppb and 30 +/- 8 ppb, as obtained by eliminating anthropogenic emissions in North America vs. in the US only. The US background never exceeds 60 ppb in the model. The Canadian and Mexican pollution enhancement averages 3 +/- 4 ppb in the US in summer but can be occasionally much higher in downwind regions of the northeast and southwest, peaking at 33 ppb in upstate New York (on a day with 75 ppb total ozone) and 18 ppb in southern California (on a day with 68 ppb total ozone). The model is successful in reproducing the observed variability of ozone in these regions, including the occurrence and magnitude of high-ozone episodes influenced by transboundary pollution. We find that exceedances of the 75 ppb US air quality standard in eastern Michigan, western New York, New Jersey, and southern California are often associated with Canadian and Mexican pollution enhancements in excess of 10 ppb. Sensitivity simulations with 2020 emission projections suggest that Canadian pollution influence in the Northeast US will become comparable in magnitude to that from domestic power plants. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.