Race, Neighborhoods, and Sentencing: How Social Conditions and Neighborhood Types Affect Incarceration Disparities
Race, Neighborhoods, and Sentencing: How Social Conditions and Neighborhood Types Affect Incarceration Disparities
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种族、社区和量刑：社会条件和社区类型如何影响监禁差异
DOI：
10.1080/0098261x.2021.1882918
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
0.7
通讯作者：
Ellen A. Donnelly
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ellen A. Donnelly
犯罪率和刑事司法对他们的反应是不均匀分布在美国的各个社区。当法院官员审查一个新的案件时，他们会考虑被指控的罪犯和事件是否符合社区案件的“正常”特征。社区及其条件，如经济劣势，犯罪率和种族/民族构成，可能有不足的影响，在监禁量刑的差异。这项研究评估了被告居住和犯罪地区的条件是否会影响监禁判决中的种族差异。这样做使我们能够估计量刑差异是否受到邻里类型的不同影响。依靠Gelbach分解方法估计的大小和来源的黑白差距在监禁量刑决定，研究表明，在被告的居住区附近的经济劣势增加了监禁的可能性，并延长了黑人的刑期。相反，犯罪事件社区的经济富裕通过对白人实施更严厉的制裁来减少判决中的种族差异。调查结果强调了将邻里环境纳入量刑差异评估的重要性。
Abstract Crime rates and criminal justice responses to them are unevenly distributed across communities in the United States. When court officials review a new case, they consider whether the alleged offender and incident fit the “normal” profile of a case from a community. Neighborhoods and their conditions, such as economic disadvantage, crime rate, and racial/ethnic composition, may have understudied impacts on disparities in incarceration sentencing. This study evaluates whether the conditions in areas where defendants live and where they offend affect racial differences in incarceration sentences. Doing so allows us to estimate whether sentencing disparities are differentially affected by neighborhood type. Relying on the Gelbach decomposition method to estimate the size and sources of Black–White disparities in incarceration sentencing decisions, the study reveals that economic disadvantage in a defendant’s neighborhood of residence increases the likelihood of incarceration and lengthens sentences for Blacks. Conversely, economic affluence in neighborhoods of criminal incident reduces racial differences in sentencing by producing harsher sanctions for Whites. Findings highlight the importance of incorporating neighborhood contexts into assessments of sentencing disparities.