ASSOCIATIONS OF BLOOD-PRESSURE WITH SELF-REPORT MEASURES OF ANGER AND HOSTILITY AMONG BLACK AND WHITE MEN AND WOMEN
ASSOCIATIONS OF BLOOD-PRESSURE WITH SELF-REPORT MEASURES OF ANGER AND HOSTILITY AMONG BLACK AND WHITE MEN AND WOMEN
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DOI：
10.1037/0278-6133.8.5.557
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发表时间：
1989-01-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
SCHNEIDERMAN, N
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
DUREL, LA;CARVER, CS;SCHNEIDERMAN, N
这项研究探讨了血压（BP）与愤怒和敌意相关的性格变量之间的关联。血压正常的 25 至 44 岁男性和女性以及未接受药物治疗的轻度至中度高血压的黑人和白人完成了四个可靠的自我报告量表——库克-混合敌意 (Ho) 量表、状态-特质愤怒量表 (STAS-T) 的特质愤怒子量表、认知-躯体愤怒量表的认知愤怒和躯体愤怒子量表，以及弗雷明汉愤怒量表和哈堡愤怒量表。他们还参与了三项实验室任务——A 型结构化访谈 (SI)、视频游戏和冷加压任务——这些任务都会引发心血管反应。大多数受试者还获得了在家和工作时的动态血压读数。黑人的 Ho 分数明显高于白人，但 STAS-T 分数明显低于白人。女性的躯体愤怒程度高于男性。白人女性在实验室休息时和 SI 期间均显示 STAS-T 与收缩压 (SBP) 和舒张压 (DBP) 之间存在显着正相关。黑人女性在实验室和工作时以及冷加压测试期间的静息时的收缩压和舒张压之间显示出 STAS-T 与收缩压和舒张压之间存在显着的正相关关系。对于黑人男性来说，认知愤怒与休息时舒张压呈正相关。相比之下，白人男性在休息时和玩电子游戏时，Ho 得分与 SBP 之间存在显着的负相关关系；这些男性在冷加压测试中还表现出躯体愤怒与收缩压和舒张压反应性之间存在显着的负相关关系。女性（而非男性）在所有四种愤怒测量值与工作中动态血压之间表现出显着的正相关关系。虽然与愤怒和心血管测量相关的主要影响作为种族函数并不明显，但在冷加压测试中，黑人表现出明显高于白人的收缩压和舒张压反应性，而在 SI 期间则相反。在电子游戏中，男性表现出比女性更高的 DBP 反应性。目前的研究结果表明，关于愤怒/敌意措施和心血管对行为任务的反应的自我报告因种族而异，但愤怒与血压调节之间的关系需要考虑可能的种族-性别相互作用以及愤怒/敌意措施的选择。
This study examined associations between blood pressure (BP) and dispositional variables pertaining to anger and hostility. Black and White 25-to 44-year old male and female normotensives and unmedicated mild to moderate hypertensives completed four reliable self-report scales—the Cook-Medley Hostility (Ho) Scale, the Trait Anger subscale of the State-Trait Anger Scale (STAS-T), and the Cognitive Anger and Somatic Anger subscales of the Cognitive-Somatic Anger Scale—plus the Framingham Anger Scale and the Harburg Anger Scale. They also engaged in three laboratory tasks—Type A Structured Interview (SI), a video game, and a cold pressor task—that elicit cardiovascular reactivity. Ambulatory BP readings at home and at work were also obtained from most subjects. Blacks had significantly higher Ho and lower STAS-T scores than did Whites. Women reported higher levels of somatic anger than did men. White women showed significant positive correlations between STAS-T and systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) both at rest in the laboratory and during the SI. Black women revealed significant positive relationships between STAS-T and SBP and DBP at rest in the laboratory and at work as well as with DBP during the cold pressor test. For Black men, cognitive anger and DBP at rest were positively related. In contrast, White men revealed significant negative correlations between Ho scores and SBP at rest and during the video game; these men also showed significant negative relationships between somatic anger and SBP and DBP reactivity during the cold pressor test. Women, but not men, showed significant positive relationships between all four anger measures and ambulatory BP at work. Whereas main effects relating anger and cardiovascular measures were not apparent as a function of race, Blacks demonstrated significantly greater SBP and DBP reactivity than Whites during the cold pressor test, with the converse occurring during the SI. Men demonstrated significantly greater DBP reactivity than women during the video game. The present findings indicate that self-reports on anger/hostility measures and cardiovascular responses to behavioral tasks differ as a function of race but that relationships between anger and BP regulation need to take into account possible race-sex interactions and selection of anger/hostility measures.